ASSESSMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS COMPETENCE IN IMPROVISATION

ASSESSMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS COMPETENCE IN IMPROVISATION AND USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES FOR BASIC SCIENCE IN OYO STATE M. ED RESEARCH PROPOSAL BY OGUNGBADE, Oluwaseun Atinuke 01/67 QW 066 DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, NIGERIA SUPERVISOR: DR. S. A. ONASANYA

CHAPTER ONE Introduction Background to the Problem • Senthil (2009) described education as a central role in every aspect of life. Education is to impact knowledge. Hence educators need to rethink the basic tenet, to develop the media (instruction) in creative and productive way. • Instructional Resources are human and non-human material that are accessible to both the teachers and learners and can enrich and enhance the quality of instruction. It make learners to be inquisitor and get closer and contact with instruction and learning, Afolabi (2004). A good teacher should be knowledgeable about appropriate criteria for the selection of instructional materials from available materials for specific instructional objective.

Background to the Problem continued • Improvisation of learning resources can be expressed as means of providing from available resource, the instructional materials needed for learning from community or immediate environment. • Basic science is an important and core aspect of Nigerian education curriculum for basic schools. It is a body of organized knowledge and process of inquiry. Science is described as bedrock of knowledge. It deals with fact and principles. • UNESCO (2003) stated that it promotes development of entrepreneurial skills in children, so as to be self independent. • Since more jobs today requires people who have the ability to learn, reason, think and act fact. Hence we need to catch them young.

Statement of the Problem Incompetence of teachers to improvise instructional resources has been said to be one of the factors responsible for poor performance of learners, especially in our primary schools. A lot of studies have been carried out to improve effective teaching learning process by different researchers. Adeniran (2005) examined strategies for production and level of improvised biology instructional material and discovered that instructional media are inadequate in the schools. Adelakun (2005) studied on acquisition production and utilization of teaching resources and its effects on academic achievement of secondary students in mathematics, he opined the use of real life situation as teaching

Statement continued materials facilitates easy communication which leads to better retention of what is learned that using what they have not experienced or seen before. • Hence the study is set out to assess Basic science teachers improvising instructional material by making use of locally available materials close to the and involving them in the lesson, in order to stimulate effective learning of Basic science right from primary schools.

Purpose of the Study This study is designed to assess teachers’ competency in the use of improvised instructional resources for teaching Basic Science in primary schools in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State. • Specifically this study will; • Assess teachers’ level of competency in the use of available instructional resources, Non-Human Resources. • Determine the influence of teaching qualification on Basic Science Teachers’ competence in improvising for instructional resources. • Assess the influence of the experience on teachers’ competence in improvisation of instructional resources.

Research Questions The following research questions are to be explored: • Will availability of instructional materials influence the competence of Basic Science Teachers? • Do Basic Science Teachers’ qualifications have any influence on the use of improvised instructional materials? • Will Basic Science Teachers’ experience have influence on the accessibility of improvised instructional materials? • Will Basic Science Teachers’ experience have influence on the use of improvised instructional materials?

Research Hypotheses The following research hypotheses are formulated for the study: Ho 1: There is no significant difference between experienced and less experienced basic science teachers in the use of improvised instructional materials. Ho 2: There is no significant difference between qualified and unqualified Basic Science Teachers in the use of improvised instructional materials. Ho 3: There is no significant difference between competency of Basic Science Teachers and availability of improvised instructional material.

Scope of the Study • This study will be carried out in the selected primary schools in Ibadan Metropolis in Oyo State. The study will focus on the level of competence of teachers in the use of instructional materials improvisation for teaching of basic science. • All basic science teachers in the selected primary schools will constitute the sample for study in the eight local governments out of the available eleven local government within Ibadan metropolis. These are Ibadan North, Ibadan North-East, Ibadan North-West, Ibadan South-East, Egbeda, Lagelu and Akinyele of Oyo state, due to constrain in time.

Clarification of Major Terms and Variables The following terms and variables defined • Assessment • Competence • Resources • Improvisation • Basic Science Teacher • Instructional Materials • Basic School • Use

Significance of the Study The finding of this study would help in educating teachers on the use of local available instructional materials instead of imported and expensive ones. The study will be of immeasurable value to educators, teachers, curriculum designers, policy maker as well as those involves with teaching personnel training. It will serve as an eye opener to teachers in solving the problem of rote-learning encounter by learners. Learners will become active and participants in instruction through improvisation and accessibility of material for teaching and proper observation and discovery of new idea.

CHAPTER TWO Review of Related Literature • Introduction • This chapter deals with a review of related literature. It has been discussed under the following sections • Educational technology and instructional resources • Assessment of primary school teachers • Improvisation of instructional resources in teaching and learning of basic science • Objectives and Contents of Basic Science Curriculum in Basic Schools • Teachers and the teaching of basic science • Appraisal of the literature review

CHAPTER THREE Research Methodology • Introduction • Research Type • Sample and Sampling Techniques • Research Instrument • Validation of Research Instrument • Procedure for Data Collection • Data Analysis Techniques

Research Type • This study is descriptive research using survey method. The use of descriptive research type will make the researcher to collect relevant data that would produce meaningful fact to answer the research questions raised on assessment of teachers’ competence in the use of improvised instructional resources for teaching of basic science in primary schools.

Sample and Sampling Techniques • The population of this study will consist all the primary schools in the eight local governments in Ibadan metropolis. • The target population would consist of three hundred basic science teachers in the selected primary school in Ibadan North, North East, North West, South East, Egbeda, Lagelu, Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State. The sample would be selected using the purposive sampling techniques. • Therefore the sampling will deliberately focus on teachers handling basic science only. The qualification area of specialization and experience of the selected teachers will be assessed.

Research Instrument • The instrument to be used in this study would be a research designed questionnaire on the Assessment of Teachers’ Competency in the use of Improvised Instructional Resources (ATCIIR) in teaching of basic science. The instrument would be divided into three sections A, B and C. • Section A would seek information on the name of the school, teachers qualification, area of specialization and teaching experience. • Section B would contain information on the availability and use of instructional materials for teaching. Section C of the research questionnaire would seek to find out the competency level of teachers in improvising for needed instructional resources for teaching basic science.

Validation of Instrument • Validation of the instrument will be done by giving the draft of the questionnaire to some specialist in Department of Education Technology at University of Ibadan for necessary corrections, after which the instrument will be given to the researcher Supervisor final corrections. This is to ensure the face and content validity of the research instrument. The reliability of the test instrument would be ensured by the use of test-retest method. • The researcher would make use of three schools which would not partake in the research. These are Community Primary School, Oki-Pataki; Victory Assurance Primary School, Wakajaye and Community Primary School 1, Olode, New Ife Road, Ibadan. Hence the questionnaire shall be pre-tested twice at an interval of four weeks using Pearson product moment Correlations co-efficient to analyse the data. The result of the test will determine the level of reliability of the instrument used.

Procedure for Data Collection • After obtaining the permission by the researcher from the selected schools to be used. The researcher will administer the questionnaire to basic science teachers in the selected schools in Oyo State. The teachers will be encouraged to fill the questionnaire on the spot. Thereafter, the questionnaire will be collected immediately after response.

Data Analysis Techniques Descriptive statistics i. e. percentage will be used to answer research questions, t-test statistical analysis will be used to test for hypotheses 1 to 3.

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