Assessment of NORM in bauxite residue to facilitate
Assessment of NORM in bauxite residue to facilitate valorization Andrei Goronovski, Alan Tkaczyk Bauxite Residue Valorisation and Best Practices Conference BR 2018
1. Natural radiation 1 Natural radiation is caused mainly by three primordial isotopes (and their decay products): � 232 Th � 238 U � 40 K Bauxite Residue Valorisation and Best Practices Conference BR 2018
2. Radionuclides in Greek BR 2 Greek BR Chemical and Radiological Composition: Compound Typically % Isotope Bq/kg Fe 2 O 3 42. 58 228 Ra 435± 11 Al 2 O 3 16. 63 228 Th 425± 21 Ca. O 11. 36 238 U 151± 9 Si. O 2 7. 6 226 Ra 174± 2 Ti. O 2 5 40 K 22± 6 Na 2 O 3. 49 Rest ~13. 34 EURATOM Basic Safety Standard: materials with radionuclide concentrations 1 k. Bq/kg for thorium and uranium series nuclides and 10 k. Bq/kg for 40 K are exempt from further radiological clearance*. *European Parliament, “Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation, and repealing Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom a, ” Off J Eur Commun L 13, no. December 2003, pp. 1– 73, 2014.
3. Result Summary 4 RS- iron recovery with Reductive Smelting. RR 1 - iron recovery with Reductive Roasting and magnetic separation. RR 2 - iron recovery with Reductive Roasting and magnetic separation. RRNM- non-magnetic fraction (residue) after Reductive Roasting. AL- aluminum recovery with Alkaline Leaching (with Na 2 CO 3). IL- Primary metals and REE recovery with Ionic liquid Leaching. Ac. L- REE recovery with Acidic Leaching. HNO 3, HCL, H 2 SO 4 were used.
5 Thank you for your attention! Questions?
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