ASL GRAMMAR Why do I have to point
- Slides: 33
ASL GRAMMAR
Why do I have to point twice? Pointing back to yourself or to the person you’re talking about shows completion of a train of thought. l This allows someone to start signing without interrupting you. l Using deixis (index finger) at the end of a sentence is called a closing signal. l Closing signals are important when asking questions using the Question-Maker or the WH -Face l
Closing Signals… l Use a closing signal when: Making a statement or comment about yourself or someone else. l Asking a question l l Examples: YOU NAME WHAT YOU? l ME NAME KELLY ME l
Remember… l ASL sentences lacking closing signals are incomplete l There is no such thing as a one-word answer or reply in ASL. l When responding to a question or statement, one-word replies are incomplete.
Question Maker l Raising your eyebrows forms the Question-Maker, an expression that shows you are asking a question. l Keep your eyebrows raised until you’ve completed signing the question. l Examples: I’m going to the bathroom l Am I going to the bathroom l
Little Words (is, to, are) l The grammar and syntax (the order in which words are put together) of ASL is different from English. l ASL does not need “little” words because these words are already included in the sign. l Example: l THANK YOU l The verb and object are combined in the sign.
Time Signs l Signs that show when something happens come first in a sentence. l Days of the week, year, last-year, etc.
WH-Signs l WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY because, WHICH l These signs go at the end of a sentence! l WHO may occur at the beginning of a sentence only if it also occurs at the end.
Grammatical Structures l ASL uses one of two different grammatical structures depending on what is being signed. Topic-Comment l Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) l
Sentence Structure l In ASL you can choose to assemble words in your sentence in different orders, depending on the content of your conversation.
Putting Nouns and Verbs Together l ASL allows you to put the subject before or after the verb when dealing with simple sentences; it doesn’t matter which word comes first. l Example: HE SELLS l ME EAT l
Sentences with Direct Objects l Direct object: a word that goes after the verb and answers the question What? Or Whom? l In ASL the direct object can go before the subject or after the verb. l Example: FOOD HE SELLS l CAR SHE DRIVES l
Signing Indirect Objects l Indirect objects: words that come between the verb and direct object; they indicate who or what receives the direct object. l Example: GIRL DOG BONE THROW l ME TEACHER APPLES-me GIVE l
Topic-Comment In topic comment languages the signer presents information then makes the information either a statement or a question by adding a comment. l English does not use topic-comment structure often so becoming used to ASL Grammar can be a challenge.
Topic-Comment l Keep in mind that while using ASL signs in English word order may be easy to do, it is no different than speaking Spanish but following English Word order- You wont make sense in either language. l Example: What you name? Topic: you l Comment: name l YOU NAME WHAT YOU? l
Sentence Structure Time + Topic + Comment l Topic l l l Time Place Description l Comment l l Actor Action
Topic Comment Practice John’s mom showed up at his apartment this morning and told him she had a surprise for him. l Sissy had to hurry to get to the university, so this morning she didn’t eat. l Jose has a really cool apartment. It is over there by the university. l See the woman over there, the tall, thin one with the blonde hair in the pink dress? l
Topic Comment Practice cont… l Marci’s not feeling good today. She’s hot and then cold. l I don’t know what I smell but something stinks. l Mr. Smith teaches at the High School. Wow! Was he mad today! l Today I didn’t have class so I spent all day reading a good book.
Subject-Verb-Object l Use when WH-signs are not needed l More familiar to English speakers. l Why often acts as a bridge or connector between two separate SVO phrases. l When using WHY raise your eyebrows. l Example: _____neg ___^ l ME GO SCHOOL WHY? ME SICK.
AND/OR l Does l l. I he want a blue or black pen? HE WANT PEN BLUE BACK WHICH? HE need this one and that one. l ME NEED IX-this IX-that ME.
True-Biz l Means literally
ACCEPT-HARD l Too bad just accept it for what it is.
FOR-FOR l Why? l What for.
SEE-SEE l Oh I see! l Oh I understand.
DO-DO l What are you doing? l What did you do? l What do you do?
Numbers 1 -5 l Numbers 1 -5 always face you except when signing addresses and telephone numbers.
INSIDE l The sign inside is a literal sign that means to be inside of. l Avoid using it when signing IN December or IN the future.
Compound Signs l Many words in ASL are compound signs. Two separate signs that are combined to make an additional meaning. l Example: parents, sunny, grandparents l
Listing & Ordering l Making a visual list of information such as names or ages is called listing. l The non-dominant hand forms a list with each new bit of information signed by the dominant hand. l Example: l Marc is the first, I’m the 2 nd, and Lila is the 3 rd child.
Fixing Mistakes l Mistakes are guaranteed to happen, whether you are fluent in a language or not. l The most common ways to fix a mistake are: Oops l Slip-mind l Um, uh l Wave-no l
Pronouns and Number l Use the ASL pronoun that shows the particular number of people being talked about whenever possible. l When the exact number is unknown use the general pronouns we, us, or they.
Pronouns l General l You and I, Us three, the four of us. l General l Pronoun: you (plural) You two, you three, the four of you l General l Pronoun: We, Us (up to 8) Pronoun: they, them, those These two, those three, the four of them.
Pronoun Drill l l l l Those four You and me You three You and her These five You, me, and him She and I Two of them Us two
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