Asking Threatening Questions About Behavior Examples of Questions

Asking Threatening Questions About Behavior

Examples of Questions on Socially Desirable Behavior (1/6) Library Card Ownership 1. Do you have a library card for the Denver Public Library in you own name? Yes No Source: Parry and Crossley 2. Would you say the Chicago Public Library facilities in you neighborhood are good, fair, or poor? Good Fair Poor Don’t know 3. Does anyone in your family have a library card for the Chicago Public Library? Yes (Ask Q 4. ) No (End interview) u

Examples of Questions on Socially Desirable Behavior (3/6) Adult Book Reading 1. Have you read any book, either hardcover or paperback, within the past six months? (If you’ve started but not finished a book, that counts too) Yes No 2. Do you read any magazines regularly? Yes No 3. Have you read a book in the past six months? Yes No Sources: Q 1, NORC; Q 2 -3, NORC u

Examples of Questions on Socially Desirable Behavior (4/6) 4. When, as nearly as you can recall, did you last read any kind of book all the way through- either a hardcover book or a paperbound book? (If date given) What was the title? (The Bible and textbooks were omitted) Source: Q 4, Gallup Note: 1. Q 1和Q 4無法相比, 因為Q 4將Bible和textbook除外 2. 閱讀書籍是一種受歡迎的行為, 問過去六個月有閱讀的比例會被高估, 但 高估多少無法了解, 因為書籍的閱讀和閱覽證不同, 閱讀書籍沒有外部 資訊可驗證

Examples of Questions on Socially Desirable Behavior (6/6) Seat Belt Usage 1. Thinking about the last time you got into a car, did you use a seat belt? Source: Gallup Note: 1. 蓋洛普的問句並沒有問一般(usual behavior), 因為對受訪者而言, 要承 認自己沒有繫安全帶(受社會歡迎行為)是很困難的 2. 當問的是單一的事件(進入車內)可以增加受訪者回答威脅性問題的正確 性 3. 相同的技巧不可以用於很少或不常發生的行為。 例如: The last time you were in a car for a vacation trip of 100 miles or more, did you use a seat belt? 基本上有很高的機率會高估 u

Examples of Questions on Socially Undesirable Behavior (1/4) u. Gun Ownership (五種不同的問法) Percent of households with a gun 50 1. Do you have a gun in your home? 2. Do you happen to have in your home any guns or revolvers(左輪手槍)? 3. Do you or does anyone in your house own a gun? 4. Do you happen to own a gun? (If no) Does anyone in this household own a gun? 5. People own firearms for lots of reasons like hunting, target shooting, protection, or collection. Does anyone in your household happen to own a firearm now? 43 51 43 38

Examples of Questions on Socially Undesirable Behavior (4/4) Use of Marijuana(吸食大麻) 1. Different people use different words for marijuana or hashish. What do you think we should call them so you understand us? (If no response, or awkward phase, use “marijuana” in following questions. Otherwise use respondent’s word(s). is commonly use. People smoke in private to relax, with friends at parties, with friends to relax, and in other situations. Have you, yourself, at any time in your life smoked ? 2. Think of your three closest friends again. (Don’t mention their name. ) As far as you know, how many of them have ever smoked. Note: 1. 題目未摘錄完 2. 當不提到名字, 回答吸食的比例會提高, 信度亦較高 u

Techniques for Making Reports of Threatening Topics More Accurate 1. Using open questions 2. Using long questions 3. Using familiar words 4. Using informants 5. Deliberately loading the question 6. Choosing appropriate time frames 7. Embedding the question 8. Using Noninterview Methods 9. Using Diaries and Panels 10. Making Reliability checks

8. Using Noninterview Methods • 對於有威脅性行為的問題, 填答者(respndent)越匿名越好 • 有一些方法可以使用包括: 1. 自我施測(self-administered) 2. 郵寄調查(mail survey) 3. 密封(sealed envelope)--利用人員訪問, 但是讓受訪者將 答案寫完後裝入信封密封—匿名的過程, desirable優於 undesirable 4. 卡片排序(Card sorting) 5. 隨機化回答(randomized response)—不適用於 desirable behavior

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