asia technologies Invites you for a Walk Thro

asia technologies Invites you for a Walk Thro’ The land of “RFID” Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Auto Identification Technologies Help machines to identify Objects, People and Animals. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Other Auto Id Technologies • Bar code • OCR • Voice Recognition • Biometrics (retinal scan, Fingerprint, etc) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

What is RFID? Radio waves to identify People Objects & animals Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

How to identify? • Storing Serial number of “subject” to be identified on an attached microchip equipped with antenna • This Serial number is termed as “Unique Identification Code” (UID) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Barcode Most pervasive Auto ID Technology is Barcode BARCODE VS RFID WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Barcode Vs RFID BARCODE RFID LOS is needed No need for LOS Requires Physical contact Individual scanning Physical contact with the reader is not required Several tags can be read at a time Withstands harsh environment Affected by moisture Limited storage capacity Higher storage capacity Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

RFID Components • Reader or Interrogator • Tag or Transponder • Host computer (Back-end system) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Elements of RFID System Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Reader Functions • Queries the tag • Obtains information (about product) • Decodes the message received from the tag • Conveys tag information to the back-end system for processing Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Reader – What’s inside? Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Tag Microchip + Antenna } Transponder (or) Tag Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Passive Transponder What’s inside ? Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Types of tag Passive tag - Draws power from the reader signal. Active tag - With battery on board. Semipassive -Passive tag with small battery. It usually incorporates onboard SENSOR to monitor state of item such as temperature. Sleeps until awakened by reader. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Classification of tag • Read Only - Programmed by the manufacturer • WORM - Write Once-Read Many User initialized after manufacture • Read/Write - Information read from or written into the tag by the reader/Writer - Asymmetric read and write operating range Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Transponder Examples Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

HOW RF BEHAVES? METAL – Metals reflect RF Radio waves bounce off metals WATER/LIQUIDS– RF Waves are absorbed to varying degrees “RFID using LF(<150 KHZ) exhibits better performance and stability in above environments” Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Interference • Metal interferences ØMetal packaging blocks / corrupts signal Øsome tags may not be read when attached to metal • Frequency interferences ØLimits identification of a particular tag when surrounded by other tags operating at same frequency. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Data Rate Vs Frequency • The larger the quantum of data to be read in given time, the higher the frequency to be deployed in RFID • For reading bulk data in short span of time, higher frequencies are used. E. g. . multiple tags in mobile environments. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

RFID Frequencies RFID is characterized by the frequencies used for identification. Ø Low Frequency - < 135 KHZ Ø High Frequency - 13. 56 MHZ Ø UHF Frequency - 860 -960 MHZ Ø Microwave (SHF) - 2. 4 & 5. 9 GHZ Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

LF Advantages • Free from regulatory limitations • Well suited for applications requiring reading small amount of data at slow speeds and minimum distance. • Penetrates material well (water, tissue, wood) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

LF Disadvantages • • • Does not penetrate or transmit around metals Handles only small amount of data Slow read speeds Large antennas Minimum range Tag Construction • Thicker (compared to 13. 56 MHz) • More complex (more turns required) • More expensive (compared to 13. 56 MHz) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

HF Advantages • Well suited for applications requiring reading small • • • amount of data and minimum distance Penetrate water/tissue well Simple antenna design Less expensive Higher data rate Thinner tag construction (compared to LF) This is popularly known as “smart card frequency” Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

HF Disadvantages • Does not penetrate or transmit around metal • Large antenna size (compared to UHF/Microwave frequencies) • Larger tag size than at higher frequencies • Read range < 0. 7 m Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

UHF Advantages • • • Effective around metals Ideal for range > 1 m Tag size smaller than HF Smaller antenna Higher data rate Controlled read zone (thro’ antenna directionality) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

UHF Disadvantages • Does not penetrate water/tissue • Regulations (different frequency bands in different countries) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Tag Reading Capability Anti collision -- Ability to communicate with several transponders simultaneously -- Important in longer range readers -- Implemented at silicon chip design stage Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

STANDARDS – Why? • • • To increase customer confidence in new technology To promote worldwide RFID acceptance and technology advancement To broad base market for manufacturers stimulate competition and reduce costs for end users. To facilitate application development by encouraging interoperability & by reducing customization To provide development platform for complementary products (software translators, hardware accessories) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

RFID STANDARDS Two international standards making bodies ISO EPC Global Conflicting EPC Objectives: • Primary Mission Low cost tag standard • Standard to be open for tracking purposes • Open Network architecture to enable anyone to access the information from database using unique ID. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

EPC – Tag Data Format • Size -- 96 bits • Header -- Defines data types(8 bit) • EPC Manager-- Details of orginator(34 bit) • Object Class -- Describes Product type(20 bit) • Serial number -- Unique ID for Product(34 bit) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

UHF RFID standard for India • India adopts 865 -867 MHz for RFID • Wireless Planning and Co-ordination (WPC) Under Ministry of Communication assigned the 865867 MHz band for RFID Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Applications Broad Classes • Proximity • Vicinity or Short Range or Long Range Proximity – E. g. . Access control Mass transit ticketing Vicinity –E. g. . Railcar tracking Highway toll collection Supply chain management Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

RFID Applications Broadly applied to five market segments • • • Track &Trace Manufacturing Asset management Security & access control Consumer applications Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Track & Trace • Track and trace is a broad umbrella concept popularly known as SCM • The right label can take the labor out of track and trace processes Includes Parcel and postal application Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Supply chain management Tagging pallets, cases & returnable containers Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Supply chain management • Gives total asset visibility • Date of manufacture written into tag memory to facilitate selling by date & avoiding spoilage and out of stock Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Parcel and post • Improves tracking during sorting and delivery processes Features: • Line of sight not required • Orientation of items is not a concern Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Manufacturing • Most technologically advanced element of supply chain • • Sophisticated IT system geared for real time data • Potential gains in terms of cost reduction & added value Manufacturer assumes responsibility for product life cycle management Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Manufacturing Features on assembly line: • Read/write tags • High accuracy • Real-time inventory of raw material, WIP & finished goods. • Enables tracking of product genealogy Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Manufacturing • Monitoring of post production performance • Simplifies product recall • Realization of JIT Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Asset management For high value items in • Warehouses • Manufacturing plants • Offices • Complexes Using • RFID tag – transmitting periodic signals • Intelligent locators • Central computer Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Asset management Common Applications: • Library management • File & document tracking • Gas cylinder management • Warehouse management Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Library management Features: Ø Automates issues and returns Ø Provides real time inventory visibility Ø Scanners on shelves for automated inventory Ø Minimizes labor cost Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

File and document tracking Important and valuable document files can be RFID tagged to facilitate security, location tracking and filing. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Gas cylinder management • • Reduction of gas cylinder losses Delivery warranty Personalized invoice Automation of processes Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Warehouse management Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Warehouse Management Manages Warehouse, Inventor y Special equipment, Labor resources To direct flow of material & information Receiving, Put-away Light assembly Order pick-up & Shipment Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Security & access control • • Data from smartcard sent to control zone computer After authentication door/gate is released for entry/exit For high security areas, biometric feature is included Operates with long range antenna controlling turnstile or revolving door • Data display system to facilitate supervision Common Applications: Ø Access control Ø Airline baggage tagging Ø Parking lot access Ø Vehicle identification Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Access control • Involves identity card with RFID tag Feature: • Contactless, secure & tamper-proof Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Airline Baggage tagging Airlines have successfully run. RFID trials • Improved read rates(99%) with RFID • Rewriting feature on tag provides additional functionality at checkpoints Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Parking Lot Access RFID Provides Ø Quick identification of vacant lots Ø Automatically records entry/exit data Ø Provides complete vehicle history Ø Automated collection of parking tolls Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Vehicle identification Environment: • Fleet and vehicles in facility Features: • Determines current position of each vehicle in facility • Information stored in database for integration with fleet MIS Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Consumer applications Typical Ø Garments Ø Laundry Ø Healthcare Ø Automatic ticketing Ø Retail Ø Jewellery management Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Garments • Value for brand owners • Authentication of garments by unique identity • Facilitates detection of counterfeit • Minimizes shrinkage and out of stock Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Laundry • Most reliable automation • Increased productivity & profitability because of 100% read rate • 100% Tracking from laundry to customer premises • Reduction of losses - Optimum inventory management Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Healthcare Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Automatic ticketing • Contactless card / ticket used Feature: • Minimal reader maintenance • Eliminate fraudulent use of counterfeit tickets Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Jewellery management • Designed to manage & track at retail level Feature: • Increases operational efficiency, security and accuracy of inventory management • Avoids theft and loss of jewels Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Miscellaneous applications Ø Animal tagging Ø Ø Ø Waste management Road toll management Sports time recording Paper reel tracking People tracking Ore tracking Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Animal identification • Mandatory in US & Canada consequent to mad cow disease • provides information regarding identity and lineage of animals Technology Features: • 135 KHz LF used (ISO 11784, ISO 11785) • Read rates 90% max, short range & directional sensitivity • UHF system with better read rates under consideration. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Waste management • • • Facilitates Real time monitoring of operations Optimization of Waste collection Accurate billing for the citizen Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Automatic toll collection Benefits: • • • Increases patron convenience and safety with nonstop payment Improves traffic flow/reduces commute times Reduces traffic congestion Lowers operating costs for toll operators Provides proven reliability and unparalleled accuracy Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Sports Timing • Records or collect the perfect timing data of athletes in marathon Features: • Withstand harsh weather condition because the glass tag is packaged in specially designed plastic • Guards against Fraud Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Paper reel tracking • • Tracking paper reel thro’ production & further through global paper supply chains Paper reels are moved on conveyer belts and by clamp trucks Provide 100% multi read capability RFID reader positioned on conveyor belt, clamp trucks & docking doors Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

People tracking Used in • Entrance management for security • Contact management at events • Monitoring physical movements • Baby tags in hospitals Goals: • • To obtain real time location of individual within tracking zone Provide value added services with same infrastructure Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Ore tracking Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Ore tracking • Tracking of wet ores on conveyor belt in rugged mining environment • Reliable reading at conveyor speeds up to 5 m/sec • Tag with primary flexible packaging and secondary packaging of PU • Reader height: 30 -50 cm above are. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

RFID in the pharmaceutical industry • Pedigree reporting: Track medications from component parts to distribution • Anti-counterfeiting: Identify counterfeit drugs before they are distributed • Anti-diversion: Improve the distribution of drugs according to need • Cold chain management: Verify the proper transport of temperature-sensitive pharmaceuticals Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

What is the limit. . . e h T ? y Sk or r u o Y n o i nat gi a Im Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

What happens to the RFID data gathered by readers? This data is processed by “MIDDLEWARE” Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

What is middleware? Software layer residing between RFID hardware & Existing back-end system application software Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

System Infrastructure Reader . . m i d d l e w a r e Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Ent erp rise Ap plic ati on

What does it do? Extracts data from readers Filters Aggregates the information Routes data to enterprise system (WMS, ERP etc) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

What does RFID cost Fixed costs • Readers • Antenna • Printers • Network infrastructure • Data collection software • Business middleware • Integration, installation and training Variable costs • Tag application (labor support and maintenance) Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Hardware Cost Trends Initially High Costs inhibited adoption of RFID Now • With advances in Technology • Standardization efforts There is steady decline in costs. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Prices will plummet Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

Benefits of RFID • • • Facilitates process automation Improves security & prevents theft through access control Determines real time location of tagged objects Improves management of tracked objects Authenticates products and protects brand name & know-how Promotes enterprise- wide innovation Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

en Aliente as In str um Omron rfid AN SC Te x UP PA d n e r K t e v a. w c n se g a T i IRIS a r M co a S t fla k ym gy vi tec sma hn olo rtke y gy AW ID at Sy s M SA RFID Hardware Printron ix Vendors F G I E cu Se y ke ra Power ID TC N E D I chnolo Sa S NS O I OLT sirit symbol Intelleflex Psion techlogix Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved PI O C

RFID is Simply NOT a PRODUCT But an Enabled Technology Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

RFID - as a technology • Changes old ways of doing things ØAlters competitive position • Create new industry ØChanges work practices ØExpands the role of system integration • Brings a fundamental different value proposition Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

RFID - as a technology • Leads to emergence of Ønew products ØRedefinition of industry ØShake-up of competitive structure • Fundamentally changes market for products and services of companies Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved

RFID is not hype It is Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved