ASER Pakistan A citizen led initiative Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

ASER Pakistan A citizen led initiative Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Launch February 4, 2013

ASER PAKISTAN 2010 -2015 • Citizen led large scale national household survey (3 -16) • Quality of education in rural and some urban areas (5 -16) • Seeks to provide evidence on learning and access gaps • Influence National & Provincial policy and actions for RTE. • Provides information for tracking trends and MDG/EFA Targets up to 2015 • Influence Goal Setting for Post-2015 Agenda

Section I: Scale of Survey

ASER 2012 – SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION • 23 Districts • 14122 Households • 1090 Schools • 9 agencies • 5375 Households • 313 Schools Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA

Section II: Access (Schooling)

ASER Survey Sheets Access Enrollment

Pre-School Enrollment (3 -5 Years) – Rural Early Childhood Enrolment 2012 Ø Enrollment of children of 3 – 5 years 35% in KPK and 34% in FATA in 2012. Ø 63% of pre-schoolers go to Government schools in KP 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Enrolled Out of School 66 65 35 KPK 34 FATA 78% of pre-primary age children in FATA are enrolled in government schools.

Children in Pre School (3 -5) KPK Rural & FATA Tor Ghar, Upper Dir, Shangla and Chitral have the highest number of out-of-school children

Enrollment KPK and FATA (6 -16 years) Enrollment of Children (6 -16) Ø 84% of 6 -16 year olds in rural districts are enrolled in schools Ø 69% enrollment in KPK and 75% in FATA is in Govt. schools. Ø 16% of children in KPK and 25% in FATA are out of school 1 out of every 6 Enrolled 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 84 75 16 KPK Children in KPK is Out-of-School (Rural) Out of School 25 FATA

Out-of-School children (6 -16)- KPK (Rural) & FATA FR Bannu and Tor Ghar have the highest number of out-of-school children (6 -16) Rural

District ranking KPK- ‘Out of school’ Children. Tor Ghar and D I Khan have the highest number of out-ofschool children

Gender Comparison: Out of School Children (6 -16 years) Ø There are more Girls out of school than boys (Rural) Ø The number of out of school children in KP and FATA is almost the same. KPK (Rural) FATA Out-of-school children by gender 6 to 16 years 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 10 15 2011* Girls Boys 11 15 2012 % Children Boys 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 10 15 2011* Girls 11 15 2012 Higher percentage of girls than boys are out-of-school in urban KPK.

Class Wise Enrollment Ø Enrollment decreases sharply as class level increases KPK Rural FATA Rural Class-wise enrollment 2011* 2012 30 20 14 6 10 14 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 Class 6 7 2011* 40 % Children 40 Class-wise enrollment 8 9 10 2012 30 20 20 10 18 3 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 Class 6 7 8 9 10

Section III: Quality

ASER Pakistan Assessment Tools Grade II ASER Assessment tools are prepared in following Categories • Reading Urdu Sindhi Pashto • Arithmetic abilities • English

Learning Levels – Urdu/Pashto Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA Children who can read story Urdu/Pashto % Children 2012 80 58 60 40 21 31 0 43 44 32 20 12 Class 3 55 60 40 0 Class 5 Class 6 2012 80 46 17 32 20 20 Class 4 2011* 100 % Children 2011* 100 49 34 25 10 Class 3 Class 4 Language Learning levels for KPK class 4 have increased by Class 5 Class 6 11% since 2011 KPK Rural : 57% of Class 5 students cannot read Class 2 story FATA: 54% of Class 5 students cannot read Class 2 Story Learning Levels (Urdu/Pashto) improved overall from last year

Learning Levels - English Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA Children who can read English sentences 2011* Children who can read English sentences 2012 2011* 100 80 40 20 0 62 47 60 % Children 100 2012 35 22 36 13 Class 3 47 23 Class 4 80 40 Class 5 Class 6 34 51 21 20 0 58 50 60 25 12 Class 3 English Learning levels for KPK class 4 have improved by Class 4 34 Class 5 Class 6 11% since 2011 KPK: 53% 53 of Class 5 students cannot read English sentences of Class 5 students cannot FATA: 50% of Class 5 students cannot read English sentences FATA: of Class 5 students cannot

Learning Levels - Arithmetic Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA Children who can do division 2011* Children who can do division 2012 2011* 100 80 57 60 40 20 0 44 19 10 Class 3 31 19 Class 4 29 40 % Children 100 2012 80 60 40 20 0 Class 5 Class 6 30 42 46 17 7 Class 3 17 Class 4 Arithmetic Learning levels for KPK class 4 have improved by 53 28 Class 5 Class 6 15% since 2011 KPK: 56% of Class 5 students cannot do division KPK: of Class 5 students cannot FATA: 58% of Class 5 students cannot do division FATA: of Class 5 students cannot

Learning levels KPK – Boys vs. Girls (5 -16 Years) Rural 80 60 40 37 50 20 100 Learning levels by gender English 80 60 58 43 40 20 0 Girls Boys Who can read at least sentences 100 % Childrern % Children 100 % Children Learning levels by gender Urdu Learning levels by gender Arithmetic 80 60 40 53 38 20 0 Girls Boys Who can read at least words Girls are behind boys by 0 Girls Boys Who can at least do subtraction 15% in Arithmetic Learning levels of boys continue to be higher than girls.

Learning levels FATA – Boys vs. Girls (5 -16 Years) Rural Learning levels by gender English 39 19 Girls Boys Who can read at least sentences 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 48 26 Girls Boys Who can read at least words Girls are behind boys by Learning levels by gender Arithmetic % Childrern 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 % Children Learning levels by gender Urdu/Pashto 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 41 21 Girls Boys Who can at least do subtraction 20% in Urdu/Pashto Learning levels of boys continue to be higher than girls.

Learning levels KPK – Public vs. Private Learning levels by school type English 100 80 60 40 20 0 75 85 40 52 63 45 Private 56 68 44 56 Class 1: Can read Class 3: Can read Class 5: Can read at least small at least words at least sentences letters Class 1: Can read Class 3: Can read Class 5: Can read at least letters at least sentences at least story Learning levels by school type Arithmetic % Children Ø 60% children in government and 48% children in private schools in class 5 cannot read class 2 Urdu/Pashto. Ø 66% of the children in Government schools and 44% of children in private schools cannot read English sentences. Government 100 80 60 40 20 0 % Children Learning levels by school type Urdu Government Private 100 80 60 40 20 0 Government 45 60 Private 44 59 42 51 Class 1: Can Class 3: Can at least Class 5: Can at least recognize at least do subtraction do division numbers (10 -99) Private school students are performing better than government school students.

Learning levels FATA – Public vs. Private Learning levels by school type English Learning levels by school type Urdu/Pashto 80 74 Government Private 64 55 60 38 40 38 20 60 Ø 62% children in government and 36% children in private schools in class 5 cannot read class 2 Urdu/Pashto. Ø 65% of the children in Government schools and 41% of children in private schools cannot read English sentences. 51 43 73 40 40 20 0 Class 5: Can read at least story Class 1: Can read at Class 3: Can read at Class 5: Can read at least small letters least words least sentences Learning levels by school type Arithmetic Government 100 % Children Class 3: Can read at least sentences 76 70 80 0 Class 1: Can read at least letters Private 100 % Children 100 Government 93 69 80 60 Private 46 40 61 40 59 35 20 0 Class 1: Can recognize at least numbers (10 -99) Class 3: Can at least Class 5: Can at least do subtraction do division Private school students are performing better than government school students.

Additional learning support – Paid Tuition Ø Children in Urban areas are more likely to take paid tuition: KPK FATA Children attending paid tuition Government schools Private schools 100 80 80 60 40 20 23 3 19 2 0 2011* % Children Government schools 47 60 40 24 20 1 0 2012 14 2011* 2012 2% Government and 19% Private enrolled children take tuition in KPK Rural. 1% Government and 14% Private enrolled children take tuition in FATA Paid private tuition trend is higher in private schools.

Section IV: School Attendance & Facilities

Attendance - Students and Teachers KPK Attendance (%) on the day of visit Government schools Private schools Primary Elementary High Others Overall Primary Children attendance 85. 3 74. 8 86. 2 86. 1 85. 2 Teacher attendance 87. 7 85. 8 89. 1 83. 4 86. 5 Elementary High Others Overall 86. 0 87. 3 87. 5 83. 0 87. 1 84. 7 90. 5 88. 4 77. 3 88. 1 Ø Rural: 15% children in government school and 13% in Private schools were absent from school Ø Rural: 13% and 12% teachers in private and government schools respectively were found to be absent Children attendance Teacher attendance FATA Attendance (%) on the day of visit Government schools Private schools Primary Elementary High Others Overall 83. 0 83. 1 89. 7 83. 2 94. 5 89. 1 90. 8 - 90. 5 91. 3 85. 1 94. 7 92. 9 91. 2 84. 5 82. 2 84. 6 - 84. 0 Ø 17% children in government school and 9% in Private schools were absent from school Ø 9% and 14% teachers in private and government schools respectively were found to be absent

Multi-grade Classes - Rural KPK FATA Multi grade teaching Government Private 100 % Schools 100 80 60 45 40 20 0 Private 80 60 40 16 14 16 35 22 20 16 3 0 Class 2 Class 8 • 16% grade 8 students in private schools and 14% grade 8 students in government schools sit with other classes in KPK. • In FATA, 35% students in government schools and 22% in Private schools of grade 2 sit with other classes.

Basic Facilities – Improved but not Sufficient KPK FATA Water and toilet facility in primary schools % Primary schools 100 80 60 2012 2011 81 86 52 60 85 87 59 64 40 20 0 Toilet Water Government Toilet Water Private 2012 100 % Primary schools 2011 Water and toilet facility in primary schools 80 67 60 40 45 25 33 28 33 40 20 0 Toilet Water Government Toilet Water Private 40% primary government schools in KPK still do not have useable water 33% primary government schools in FATA still do not have toilet facilities Private schools outperform government schools in terms of basic facilities but there is improvement overall.

Section V: Other dimensions that influence teaching and learning

Mother tongue/ Home Language • ASER 2012 survey findings revealed that 14 different languages were used in the surveyed households of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. • Four languages used commonly were • Pashto (77%), • Hindko (11%) • Siraiki (3. 5%) and • Chitrali (3%) Other (5. 5%) Other Languages included : URDU, PAHARI, GUJRATI, KHOWAR, SINDHI, TORWALI, YATGHA, PUNJABI, PERSIAN, KOHISTANI, ENGLISH

Households’ preferred medium of instruction in school KPK FATA Home language 60% Home language 45% English 11% Urdu 30% • • • Urdu 39% English 16% Each household surveyed was also asked their preferred medium of instruction for their children in schools. 39% percent of the households in KPK and 30% in FATA preferred Urdu as the medium of instruction in schools. Home language was preferred by a major proportion of 45% households in KPK and 60% surveyed households in FATA. The most preferred language for medium of instruction was Home Language.

Medium of instruction in schools KPK FATA Medium of instruction in schools Government Private 100 80 70 80 66 20 %School 60 30 40 23 7 3 0 English 86 Urdu Children in public schools reported: • Urdu 66%, • Pashto 30% • English 3% Pashto Private 80 60 40 20 2 12 0 English Urdu 17 2 Pashto

Parental Education Ø KPK: 21% mothers vs. 52% fathers have completed primary education. Ø FATA: Only 4% of mothers vs. 36% fathers have completed primary education KPK Rural FATA % Parents 100 80 52 60 40 21 20 100 % Parents having at least primary schooling 80 60 40 36 4 20 0 Mothers Fathers Higher proportion of parents have not completed even primary education in rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as compared to urban Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Section VI: How far have we come on RTE compliance?

How can ASER 2012 inform the planning, drafting, resourcing and implementation of 25 -A? Ø ASER can help assess education with respect to : ØQuality ØAccess ØEquity ØPlanning according to district based assessment – generating District Report Cards (DRCs) linked to the Roadmap to Reforms and/or Sector Plans of the Provincial Governments. Ø Holding ASER Baithaks in ASER survey villages, parents, communities with parliamentarians and political holding ALL to account for ACTION! ØUse of ASER data and teams for focusing on gender & the excluded groups ØForming District RTE Vigilante Committees mobilizing coalitions, teachers, youth, media and bar associations.

Action to RTE 25 A Implementation • Milestone achievement: “The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2012” - challenge is tracking implementation • ASER data to help in drafting of RTE Acts & using ASER data for continued advocacy on Right to Education (RTE) 25 A • Each province has district by district data for addressing gaps in access, quality, equity/gender and financing • Continued Dialogues with Parliamentarians and Politicians in 2013 for elections, manifestoes and actionable steps that can be tracked • Linking the ASER information to national data and GMR /UN Human Development Reports /others in the run up to 2015 & post 2015 debates

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