Ascomycotina sac fungi Ascomycotina sac fungi Characterized by
Ascomycotina (sac fungi) ���� �� ����
Ascomycotina (sac fungi) ���� �� ���� Characterized by: • Septate hyphae. • Production of asco-spores enclosed inside sac-like asci. • Some forms are unicellular (yeast) • saprophytic and many are parasitic on higher plants causing diseases such as the powdery mildews, ergot disease and apple scab. • Examples: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Saccharomyces, Claviceps, and Peziza.
Penicillium
Penicillium • In Penicillium, the conidiophores are septate and branched. The last branches terminate with the sterigmata (called phialides), which carry the chains of conidia. • In Penicillium the sterigmate are in clusters, which may be in the order of primary, secondary and sometimes tertiary sterigmata.
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Aspergillus • In Aspergillus, the conidiophores are unbranched, non-septate and terminate with swollen heads, each of which carries radiating sterigmata. • Chains of conidia, arranged in acropetal succession (the larger being terminal ) are carried by such sterigmata. • They allover appearance of Apergillus conidiophore is a radiating head while Penicillium look like a broom.
Similar characteristics • The mycelium of both genera is branched and septate. • They grow saprophytically on all kinds of organic materials such as jams, bread, meats, grains and wood. Penicillium sp. • They can grow also as saprophytes on stored fruits and vegetables causing their decay. • They can be subcultured easily on synthetic nutritive media. Aspergillus sp.
Similar characteristics • Both multiply asexually by conidia, which are carried on conidiophores. • These conidia capable of immediate germination. • Sexual reproduction has been observed in several species of both Penicillium and Aspergillus.
����� ��� Penicillium and Aspergillus Endogenous Spores (Ascus) Exogenous Spores (conidia)
ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻬﻤﻴﺔ Economic importance Aspergillus • Citric and other organic acids • Aspergilloses (Respiratory Disease), Aflatoxin (Carcinogen)
ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻬﻤﻴﺔ Economic importance Penicillium • Antibiotic production (Penicillin) • Certain kinds of cheeses, such as Roquefort, Camembert. Penicillium camemberti Penicillium roqueforti (blue cheese)
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