AS PE PHED 1 Skill Acquisition Skill Classification

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AS PE PHED 1 Skill Acquisition Skill Classification

AS PE PHED 1 Skill Acquisition Skill Classification

Why do we classify skill? ü To understand the nature of skilled performance ü

Why do we classify skill? ü To understand the nature of skilled performance ü To provide a basis of which types and methods of training will be most successful The performance of a skill may greatly vary as they are performed in changing environments. This makes classification a difficult process and is why Continua are used. A continuum is a link between two extremes which blend together gradually. We are concerned with 4 Continua… � Open-Closed � Self Paced- Externally Paced � Gross-Fine

Open – Closed Continuum ü How stable is the environment? ü Does what is

Open – Closed Continuum ü How stable is the environment? ü Does what is happening in the environment affect how the skill is performed? ü How cognitive or perceptual is the skill? Open Unstable, changing environment Opponents, team mates, flight of the ball Closed Stable, unchanging environment Athletics area (Shot Putt) or Gymnastics routine Performance highly affected by change Required to change depending on teammates Performance not affected by change No attention needed to actions of others High level of cognitive/perceptual skill High levels of decision making Low level of cognitive/perceptual skill Little decision making required

Externally Paced- Self Paced Continuum ü What Controls the rate or pace at which

Externally Paced- Self Paced Continuum ü What Controls the rate or pace at which the skill is performed? ü What controls the start of the movement? Externally Paced Self Paced The rate of movement is controlled by external factors Receiving an opponents serve in Tennis The rate of movement is controlled by the performer Speed of rotation in a gymnastic somersault The initiation of movement is controlled by external factors Defender reacting to the movement of a forward The initiation of movement is controlled by the performer Start of a dive in a competition

Gross- Fine Continuum ü Are large or small muscle groups used when performing the

Gross- Fine Continuum ü Are large or small muscle groups used when performing the action? Gross Fine Major body movements involving large muscle groups Intricate, fine movements involving small muscle groups Associated with strength, power and endurance Associated with accuracy and precision Often a fundamental motor pattern Requires high levels of hand-eye coordination Kicking, Throwing a ball, shot putt, long jump etc. Table tennis shot, Dart throw etc.

Discrete- Serial- Continuous Continuum ü Is there a clear beginning and end to the

Discrete- Serial- Continuous Continuum ü Is there a clear beginning and end to the movement? ü Is it composed of a number of separate elements? Discrete Serial Continuous Single specific skill A number of discrete skills chained together Movement is on-going Clear beginning and end Basketball free-throw End of one cycle leads to First movement triggers the beginning of another next Cycling, Swimming, running Gym routine, triple jump

Placing Skills on the Continuum X X XX Open Externally Paced. XX Self Paced

Placing Skills on the Continuum X X XX Open Externally Paced. XX Self Paced XX XX X Gross Discrete XX Closed X X Fine X Continuous Chest Pass in netball Dive Return of table-tennis serve crawl Swimming front