ARTIFICIAL PANCREAS By Anas Syed Diabetes Diabetes is
ARTIFICIAL PANCREAS By: Anas Syed
Diabetes � � � Diabetes is a life-long chronic disease. It is also the 7 th leading cause of death in the US. It deals with high blood sugar and a lack of insulin. Type 1: In type 1 diabetes the patients are not able to produce insulin. Type 1 is only found in about 5% of people of with diabetes. Type 2: In type 2 diabetes the patients are able to produce insulin however, their bodies build up a resistance toward the insulin.
History Diabetes was a well known disease by the 17 th century. � Apollonius of Memphis was the first physician to actually call diabetes, diabetes. � If a patient was diagnosed with diabetes before the 20 th century it was the same as a death sentence. � During the 1900’s the first know treatment was starvation. �
History (Continues) � In 1920’s lack of insulin was pinpointed as a symptom of diabetes. � In 1944 an insulin syringe was developed in order to make diabetes more controllable. � In 1990 external insulin pumps were created for own use. � In 1993 doctors started to use glucose tablets.
Treatment Type 1 diabetes currently does not have any known cure. � Type 2 diabetes however, is manageable and the effects can be suppressed. � Type 2 diabetes can be easily controlled with proper diet, exercise, and a few pills. � Type 1 and type 2 both need medicine and insulin pumps to control glucose and insulin. �
Current Technology � The closest thing to the artificial pancreas right now is an insulin pump. � The artificial pancreas take the insulin pump to a new level by adding real-time monitoring systems. � The other technology we have is when the patients pricks themselves to check their blood sugar levels.
Artificial Pancreas � The artificial pancreas is not an actual pancreas � The idea of the artificial pancreas came in 2005 from Dr. Edward R. Damiano � He met with Dr. Steven Russell in order to design and get a medical perspective on his proposed idea.
What does it do? � The artificial pancreas is going to make the lives of diabetes much more manageable. � It uses a computer attachment to the insulin pump to continuously measure glucose in the blood and insulin in the body. � It then uses algorithms to increase the insulin levels as the body needs it.
Status of Artificial Pancreas � In 2005 three diabetic pigs were used as experimental trial. � After successful results, the first human trials were ran. � The human trails were also a success and the FDA has recently approved the continuation of this project. � Currently the University of Cambridge is running a 70 person trial in Europe.
Status of Artificial Pancreas (2) The University of Viginia is also running test of their prototype here in the US. � Patients take the artificial pancreas home without any monitoring from doctors. � As of right now, it seems that the artificial pancreas is working perfectly in the human trials. � Estimated time of release to public is between 18 months to 4 years. � Estimated Cost: $8000 (without insurance) �
How it Works � � � The artificial pancreas has four parts in order to make it work. There is a glucose sensor and transmitter that measures the glucose levels every minute. It transmits the information to a receiver that displays the glucose levels for the patients. This is connected to a small computer which calculates how much insulin is needed. Then via Bluetooth the small computer tells the insulin pump to release the proper amount of insulin into the patient.
Limitations � The limitations I see from this device is that it is battery powered. � Another problem I see is that if the algorithm ever messed up it doesn’t seem to have a back up system. � Finally, my last concern is what would happen if the Bluetooth signal is lost between the insulin pump and the small computer.
Future � In the future I am hoping that they can make the artificial pancreas smaller and more convenient. � They are looking for a way to stabilize the battery. � Create a back up or alert system in case Bluetooth signal is ever lost. � I would also like to see them make the algorithms more accurate.
Credits � � � � http: //diabetesjournals. org/content/61/9/2230. full http: //www. diabetes. co. uk/artificial-pancreas. html http: //uvahealth. com/services/endocrinesystem/conditions-treatments/artificial-pancreas-project http: //advocacy. jdrf. org/our-work/artificial-pancreasproject/ http: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH 0002194/ #adam_001214. disease. causes https: //www. jdrf. org. uk/research/overview-of-researchprogramme/treat/artificial-pancreas/what-is-an-artificialpancreas http: //www. mayo. edu/research/discoverys-edge/canartificial-pancreas-normalize-type-1 -diabetes
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