ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE What is Artificial Intelligence The development

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

What is Artificial Intelligence? • The development of computer systems to be able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decisionmaking. • Ability of a machine to simulate human intelligence

The AI field is interdisciplinary, in which a number of sciences and professions converge, including COMPUTERSCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, PSYCHOLOGY, LINGUISTICS, PHILOSOPHY an d NEUROSCIENCE, as well as other specialized fields such as ARTIFICIAL PSYCHOLOGY.

History John Mc. Carthy (Father of AI)

History Significant breakthroughs since 1990’s In 1995, the Va. MP car drove an entire 158 km racing track without any help from human intelligence.

History Significant breakthroughs since 1990’s By 1999 , humanoid robots began In 1997 IBM’S DEEP BLUE chess machine to have the ability to walk around beat the World champion Gary Kasparov by two freely. wins against one win and three draws!

THE 7 ASPECTS OF AI • Simulating higher functions of the human brain • Programming a computer to use general language • Arranging hypothetical neurons in a manner so that they can form concepts • A way to determine and measure problem complexity • Self-improvement • Abstractions : quality of dealing with ideas rather than events • Randomness and creativity

GOALS OF AI • To Create Expert Systems − The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain, and advice its users. • To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines − Creating systems that understand, think, learn, and behave like humans.

Programming Without AI • A computer program without AI can answer the specific questions it is meant to solve. Programming With AI • A computer program with AI can answer the generic questions it is meant to solve. • Modification in the program • AI programs can absorb new leads to change in its modifications by putting highly structure. independent pieces of information together. Hence you can modify even a minute piece of information of program without affecting its structure. • Modification is not quick and easy. It may lead to affecting the program adversely. • Quick and Easy program modification.

APPLICATIONS OF AI Hospitals and medicine: A medical clinic can use artificial intelligence systems to organize bed schedules, make a staff rotation, and provide medical information Computer-aided interpretation of medical images. Such systems help scan digital images, e. g. from computed tomography, for typical appearances and to highlight conspicuous sections, such as possible diseases. A typical application is the detection of a tumor. Heart sound analysis.

APPLICATIONS OF AI Gaming − AI plays crucial role in strategic games such as chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc. , where machine can think of large number of possible positions based on heuristic knowledge.

APPLICATIONS OF AI Natural Language Processing and speech recognition − • • Some intelligent of hearing and It is possible to systems interact are withcapable the comprehending the languagenatural in terms of sentences computer that understands and their spoken meanings a human talks to it. It can language by while humans. handle different accents, slang words, noise in the background, change in human’s noise due to cold, etc.

APPLICATIONS OF AI • Intelligent Robots − Robots are • Handwriting Recognition − The handwriting able to perform the tasks given by recognition reads the to text a human. software They have sensors written on paper by adata pen or on screen by a detect physical from the real stylus. It cansuch recognize shapesheat, of the world as the light, letters and convert it into editable text. temperature, movement, sound, bump, and pressure. They have efficient processors, multiple sensors and huge memory, to exhibit intelligence. In addition, they are capable of learning from their mistakes and they can adapt to the new environment.