Artificial Insemination Artificial insemination is the transfer of

Artificial Insemination • Artificial insemination is the transfer of semen collected using the appropriate semen collection method and techniques from breeder animals to female genital tract using appropriate method and techniques after the collection, examination, control and specific processing.

Artificial Insemination Benefits; • Allows many more females to be bred with a single male breeder. • Enables the use of male breeders with proved genetic merit in a more widespread manner. • Semen can be frozen and kept for years and can be transferred everywhere in a short period of time. • Provides the possibility to use valuable breeder males which cannot mount due to various physical and biological reasons.

Artificial Insemination Benefits; • is required to be able to inseminate a large number of animal groups whose estruses have been synchronized. • Provides transformation of races and genetic improvement. • Aids in all the records required in animal breeding enterprises to be kept correctly. • Ensures the control of venereal diseases by reducing their transfer.

Artificial Insemination Disadvantages; • Application of artificial insemination by people who do not know the biological and technical sides of this method may decrease the expected benefits and even cause harm that may not be reversed in any way. • For a successful artificial insemination program; a great organisation in terms of management, evaluation and finance is needed. • would cause inbreeding

Artificial Insemination Techniques • The aim of artificial insemination is the deposition of semen into appropriate place in the genital tract to obtain pregnancy. • Ovum and spermatozoon can keep their fertility abilities, which they obtained as a result of some chemical and physical changes. In this regard the timing of insemination and the use of appropriate insemination method for the species is important.

Artificial Insemination Techniques It is possible to summarize the insemination methods in 5 topics. • • • Speculum method Vaginal method Catheter method Recto-vaginal method Laparoscopic method

Artificial Insemination Techniques Speculum Method

Artificial Insemination Techniques Speculum Method • This method is used especially in sheep and goats. If wanted it can be used for insemination of other species. • The inseminator inserts the lubricated speculum into the vagina and determines where the cervix and cervical opening are placed.

Artificial Insemination Techniques Vaginal Insemination with the Aid of a Hand • is used in mares. • After the mare is placed in the dissertation stand, the vulvar lips and area is cleaned. • The inseminator washes his/her right arm with water and soap and rinses with saline solution. • Places the sterilized insemination catheter in the right palm and keeping all the fingers together inserts hand into the mares vagina. • After finding the orificium externa of the open cervix, pushes the catheter from outside of the vagina with the help of left hand so that catheter’s tip through the cervix and into the uterus.

Artificial Insemination Techniques Catheter Method • is used in dogs, cats and pigs.

Artificial Insemination Techniques Catheter Method • In dogs vaginal insemination can be done using a few different methods. • In the easiest method, the special catheter is inserted in a cranio-dorsal manner into the vagina of a standing bitch. • Cervix is approached by pushing along the dorsal line and when it is decided to be close enough, the semen previously loaded in an injector is deposited. • Afterwards, optionally the hind legs are lifted for 5 minutes to allow semen to pass through the cervix easier.

Artificial Insemination Techniques Norvegian (Skandinavian) Method • The second method used in dogs is known as the Norvegian method. • is the method in which semen is deposited into the uterus using a different catheter (Norvegian catheter) different from the previous method.

Artificial Insemination Techniques Vaginal Insemination with the Aid of a Catheter • In cats the vagina is entered using a 1 ml syringe with a blunt-ended needle from the upper part of the vulva with a cranio-dorsal manner. • The cervix is reached by pushing the syringe 12 cm along the dorsal line inside the vagina and depositing the semen which usually has 0. 1 ml volume right in front of the cervix with some air.

Artificial Insemination Techniques Vaginal Insemination with the Aid of a Catheter • In pigs, a plastic tipped elastic insemination catheter is used. • The catheter is inserted from the top tart of the vulva of a restricted animal in a cranio-dorsal manner and advanced into the vagina. • After the cervix is reached the catheter is rotated anti-clockwise so that the cervical rings are passed and the catheter reaches the uterus where semen is deposited.

Artificial Insemination Techniques Recto-Vaginal Insemination Method • • is a method used in cows. The inseminator lubricates his/her right arm covered with a glove that reches his/her shoulder and then empties the feces, advances the arm further and reaches cervix uteri. Cervix can be seperated from vagina and uterus easily with its hard and thick wall. The cervix held in the palm is determined with the thumb, index and middle fingers and the other two fingers aid so that the catheter cand be pointed to the cervical opening. The catheter which is in the left hand is entered through the vulva with a 45 angle to the floor.

Artificial Insemination Techniques Recto-Vaginal Insemination Method • • Afterwards the catheter is passed through the vagina and advanced upto the outer orifice of cervix uteri. With the aid of the hand inside, catheter is passed through the crevical orifice and with the manipulations to the cervical canal it is further advanced. After the cervix is passed, the piston of the catheter is pushed and semen is deposited in corpus uteri. After the insemination catheter is placed into the vagina, it should not be removed from the vagina until the insemination is completed (especially when the cow is urinating).

Artificial Insemination Techniques Recto-Vaginal Insemination Method • This method does not require speculum, cervical forceps or disinfection used is other methods. • When the hand is in rectum, the female genital organs can be fully examinated and a more definite idea of heat, pregnancy and abnormal situation can be formed. • The process lasts shorter when compared to other methods and when the results are considered the highest pregnancy rates are obtained with this method.

Artificial Insemination Techniques Laparoscopic Method • This method is preferred especially in sheep and goats. • The animal is placed on a special laparoscopy table in Trendelenburg position and legs are tied. • The hair on the abdomen all the way to the mammary glands is shaved and disinfected using antiseptic solutions. • After local anesthesia or sedatives are aplied, the table is bent to have a 45 anlge. • A 7 mm trocar, along with its canulla is placed into the peritoneal cavity; 5 -7 cm away from the mammary glands and 1 -2 cm to the left of the median line.

Artificial Insemination Techniques Laparoscopic Method • After the trokar is removed, the endoscope with its light attachment is advanced into the abdomen through the canulla. • It is better to find the vesica urinaria first. The uterus is placed right below or in front of the vesica urinaria. • After the uterus is located, teh other trocar is placed in line with the first on the other side of the median line and through this cannula the special insemination catheter is inserted. • The special plastic needle at the tip of the catheter is stuck into the cornu uteri at the bifurcatio area and semen is deposited into the uterus lümen.

Artificial Insemination Techniques !!! Clitoris massage is the most important part.