Articulations Chapter 9 Human Anatomy 3 rd edition

Articulations Chapter 9 Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Introduction • Skeleton composition – Many bones joined together (articulated) • Articulation – Joints • Advantages and disadvantages of strong vs. weak joints Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Functional Classification • Synarthroses – immoveable • Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable • Diarthroses – freely moveable Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Structural Classification • Fibrous joints – Lack joint cavity – Held together by fibrous connective tissue – Synarthritic or amphiarthritic • Cartilaginous joints – Lack joint cavity – Held together by cartilage – Synarthritic or amphiarthritic • Synovial joints – Joint cavity present – Held together by ligaments – Diarthritic Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Synarthroses • Sutures – found between skull bones – Held together by dense fibrous connective tissue • Types – Serrate – Squamous – Plane – Synostoses Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Serrate Suture Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Squamous Suture Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Plane Suture Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Synostoses Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

More Synarthroses • Synchondroses – Held together by hyaline cartilage – May form synostoses Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

More Synarthroses • Gomphosis – Held together by ligaments – Cone-shaped pet fits into a socket Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Amphiarthroses • Symphyses – Held together by fibrocartilage Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

More Amphiarthroses • Syndesmoses – Held together by collagen fibers Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Diarthroses – Synovial Joints • Most common joints • Characteristics – Joint cavity – Articular cartilage – Articular capsule • Fibrous layer • Synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid – Accessory ligaments – Menisci – Bursae Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Movements at Synovial Joints • Limitations • Types of movements – Gliding • Back & forth, side to side • Surfaces are flat – Angular • Increase or decrease angles between bones Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Types of Angular Movements Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Flexion & Extension

Flexion & Extension

Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion

Abduction & Adduction

Abduction & Adduction in Fingers

Rotation

Circumduction

Special Types of Angular Movements Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Inversion & Eversion

Protraction & Retraction

Elevation & Depression

Subtypes of Synovial Joints Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Gliding Joint • Flat surfaces • Biaxial movement only • eg. Between carpals Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Hinge Joint • Convex surface fits into concave surface • Monaxial movement – Flexion, extension • eg. elbow Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Pivot Joint • Rounded surface articulates within a ring • Monaxial movement – Rotation • eg. between atlas & axis Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Ellipsoidal Joint • Oval-shaped condyle fits into elliptical cavity • Biaxial movement • eg. between radius & carpals Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Saddle Joint • Articular surfaces of both bones are concave in one direction and convex in the other • biaxial movement • eg. Between 1 st metacarpal of thumb & trapezium Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Ball and Socket Joint • Ball-like surface fits into cuplike depression • Triaxial movement – Flexion, extension – Abduction, adduction – Rotation • eg. shoulder Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Anatomy of the Knee • • Joint between femur & tibia Hinge joint but looks like ellipsoidal joint Four ligaments hold it together Menisci and bursae are present Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Disorders Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Dislocation http: //www. sportsmed. buffalo. edu/info/fingerdis. html Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Bursitis Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 http: //www. healthopedia. com/pictures/bursitis. html

Slipped Disc

Arthritis • Arthritis – inflammation of joints – Osteoarthritis – Rheumatoid arthritis – Gouty arthritis Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Gouty Arthritis http: //healthgate. partners. org/browsing/Learning. Center. asp? file. Name=11825. xml&title=Gout Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Osteoarthritis http: //www. abc. net. au/health/library/osteoarthritis_ff. htm Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

Rheumatoid Arthritis http: //arthritis. upmc. com/Rheumatoid. Arthritis/Overview. htm Human Anatomy, 3 rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001