Articulations Chapter 8 Structural Classification of Joints Fibrous
Articulations Chapter 8
Structural Classification of Joints • Fibrous • no joint cavity, bones held together with collagen fibers • Cartilagnous • no joint cavity, bones held together with cartilage • Synovial • have a “synovial” cavity, bones held together with an enclosed capsule & ligaments
Functional Classification of Joints • Synarthroses (singular = synarthrosis) – Immovable joints • Amphiarthroses (singular = amphiarthrosis) – Slightly movable joints • Diarthroses (singular = diarthrosis) – Freely movable joints
Suture: a fibrous synarthrosis
Synchondrosis: a cartilaginous synarthrosis
Syndesmosis: a fibrous amphiarthrosis
An amphiarthrotic synchondrosis
Symphysis: a cartilaginous amphiarthrosis
Synovial Joints
The shoulder joint
Types of Movements Possible at Synovial Joints
Gliding
Flexion decreases the angle of a joint
Extension increases the angle of a joint
Extension of the shoulder
Hyperextension moves a joint beyond the usual extended angle
Movements of the neck
Special movement of the ankle
Abduction, Adduction & Circumduction
Rotation
Special movements of the antebrachium
Special movements of the foot
You can do this with your hips & shoulders too!
Also possible with shoulders (but not hips)
Ok?
Types synovial joints
Hinge joints These are uniaxial. Examples include the elbow, knee and phalanges.
Pivot joints are uniaxial. The proximal radioulnar joint is the best example.
Condyloid joints are often biaxial.
Saddle joints are biaxial.
Ball and Socket Multiaxial ball & socket joints allow the greatest range of motion.
Structural Details of Some Synovial Joints
The Shoulder
Capsule of the shoulder
The Hip
Extracapsular ligaments of the hip a.
Extracapsular ligaments of the hip b.
The Elbow
The Elbow b.
The Elbow reverse view
The Knee
Anterior view of the knee
Extracapsular ligaments of the knee
Common knee injury
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