Articulations Chapter 6 n Classification of Joints Articulations
- Slides: 14
Articulations Chapter 6
n Classification of Joints (Articulations): Joint- Where two bones interact ¨ Three functional classes of joints ¨ n Synarthroses ¨ n Amphiarthroses ¨ n Immovable – e. g. , sutures Slightly movable – e. g. , pubic symphysis, distal radius/ulna Diarthroses ¨ Freely movable – e. g. , shoulder, elbow etc.
n Classification of Joints (Articulations): ¨ Three structural classes of joints n Fibrous No space between articulating bones; held together by dense connective tissue – e. g. , sutures, distal radius/ulna ¨ May be functionally synarthroses or amphiarthroses ¨ n Cartilagenous No space between articulating bones; held together by cartilage – e. g. , pubic symphysis ¨ May be funtionally synarthroses or amphiarthroses ¨ n Synovial Space (synovial/joint cavity) between articulating bones – e. g. , shoulder, elbow etc. ¨ Functionally are diarthroses ¨
The Structure of Synovial Joints
The Structure of Synovial Joints
Movements ocurring at synovial joints Flexion Extension Hyperextension
Lateral flexion Abduction Adduction Rt. lateral flexion Lt. lateral flexion
Rotation: Left/Right Medial (internal) Lateral (external)
Pronation Supination
Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion Inversion/Eversion Elevation/Depression Protraction/Retraction Opposition
§ Movement at synovial joints occurs through contraction of skeletal muscles § When skeletal muscles contract, they pull on bones of the skeleton at their attachment points, creating movement in a particular direction (or directions)
• Origin - Muscle attachment that remains fixed • Insertion - Muscle attachment that moves • Action - What movement a muscle produces. Movement usually occurs at joints i. e. flexion, extension, abduction, etc.
• For muscles to create a movement, they can only pull, not push • Muscles in the body rarely work alone, & are usually arranged in groups surrounding a joint • A muscle that contracts to create the desired action is known as an agonist or prime mover • A muscle that helps the agonist is a synergist • A muscle that opposes the action of the agonist, therefore undoing the desired action is an antagonist
Skeletal muscle movements Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction Rotation – left/right; internal(medial)/external(lateral) Pronation/supination Elevation/depression Protraction/retraction Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion Inversion/eversion *note: muscles of facial expression (e. g. orbicularis oculi; orbicularis oris) produce movements of the features of the face, and therefore the actions use more descriptive terminology
- Function of skull
- Articulations
- Example of synarthroses
- Articulations
- Syntharoses
- Structural and functional classification of joints
- Plane joint
- Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
- Structural classification of joints
- Amphiarthrodial joint
- Condyloid joint diagram
- Woodwork joints names
- Traditional wood joints
- Welding symbols meaning
- Types of construction joints