Articles Use of Articles common noun or noun

Use of Articles common noun or noun phrase Uncountable Countable Singular a/an (non-specific) the

Articles • Are used with certain categories of proper nouns • Are used with

Rules for Using Articles • These categories of proper nouns do not require “the”

Rules for Using Articles • The proper nouns below require “the”. Categories Museums and

Rules for Using Articles A– Starting with Consonants ( pronunciation)- Watch , Chair ,

Nonspecific and Generic Reference • Use a/an with a singular countable noun that is

Nonspecific and Generic Reference • Do not use an article when an uncountable noun

Nonspecific and Generic Reference • Do not use an article when a generalization is

Superlatives, Ordinals and Sole References • The definite article “the” is always used with

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Articles

Use of Articles common noun or noun phrase Uncountable Countable Singular a/an (non-specific) the (specific) Plural the (specific) Ø zero (Ø) (generic)

Articles • Are used with certain categories of proper nouns • Are used with common nouns or noun phrases • Consist of the indefinite article (a/an) and the definite article (the) • Are absent in non-specific cases and are indicated by the Ø (zero article)

Rules for Using Articles • These categories of proper nouns do not require “the” Categories People’s names Cities and states Singular names of countries Months/days Streets Religious buildings Mountains Parks Lakes Examples John Locke Bangkok, Negri Sembilan Indonesia, Australia May, Tuesday Pickering Street, Holland Road St. Andrew’s Cathedral Mount Fuji Hyde Park Lake Victoria

Rules for Using Articles • The proper nouns below require “the”. Categories Museums and galleries Buildings Highways Seas and oceans Rivers and deserts Periods and events in history Bridges Countries with United, Union, Kingdom, Republic Island groups ending in (e)s Examples the Asian Civilization Museum the University Cultural Centre the Pan-Island Expressway the South China Sea the Mississippi, the Gobi desert the Dark Ages the Manhattan Bridge the United States, the People’s Republic of China the Philippines

Rules for Using Articles A– Starting with Consonants ( pronunciation)- Watch , Chair , European , Euro, One- , Unicorn An- Starting with Vowels ( Pronunciation) – Apple , Egg , Orange, Inkpot , Umbrella , Hour , Honest Man • Depend on generic or specific reference Comment on the use of the articles in the sentences below. A paper on global warming was presented at a conference. The paper on global warming was presented at the conference.

Nonspecific and Generic Reference • Use a/an with a singular countable noun that is non-specific. An engineering textbook was left at the counter. A lecturer gave the freshmen an overview of the course.

Nonspecific and Generic Reference • Do not use an article when an uncountable noun is non-specific. The internet is a rich resource of Ø information.

Nonspecific and Generic Reference • Do not use an article when a generalization is made about an uncountable noun. Ø Water is scarce in many countries. Ø Oil is a finite resource.

Superlatives, Ordinals and Sole References • The definite article “the” is always used with the above categories. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. (superlative) Statistics is the second most difficult subject. (ordinal) The main (only/sole/chief) reason I do engineering is to contribute to mankind. (sole reference)