Artery Dystrophic calcification Degenerated Tissues Dense old scars

Artery Dystrophic calcification: Degenerated Tissues • Dense old scars may undergo hyaline degeneration and subsequent calcification Diagnosis: calcification

organ: Gastric Histologically, a glandular structure, similar to the healthy normal surrounding glands may be seen. nucleus with prominent nucleoli. There will also be a noticeable increase in the incidence of mitoses, or cell divisions. Diagnosis: adenocarcinoma

Organ: kidney Lesions: tubular dilation, interstitial edema, later atrophy of tubular epithelia, interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosinosis Diagnosis: tubular epithelial edema.

Organ; kidney The changes are developed mainly in the proximal and distal renal tubules and ascending loop of henel. The lining epithelium are swollen and taken triangular shape and the lumen become narrow and taken star shape. The cytoplasm showing eosinophilic granules and the nucleus in the same situation. Diag: cloudy swelling.

organ: Mammary gland Vascular dilatation, exudate leaks into tissues, neutrophils emigrate. Changes controlled by many short-lived chemical mediators. Some can be manipulated by drugs. Neutrophils: Fast acting, short-lived phagocytes, engulf & degrade bacteria, dead tissue etc. Phagocytosis enhanced by opsonisation of particles, e. g. antibody or complement on surface. Diag: granulomatous inflammation

lymph Microscopically, caseous necrosis is characterized by acellular pink areas of necrosis, as seen here at the upper right, surrounded by a granulomatous inflammatory process. Diag: lymph caseous necrosis