ART HISTORY Painting Painting is the practice of

ART HISTORY. Painting

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (support base). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, can be used. The final work is also called a painting. Painting is an important form in the visual arts, bringing in elements such as drawing, gesture (as in gestural painting), composition, narration (as in narrative art), or abstraction (as in abstract art). Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist art), emotive (as in Expressionism), or political in nature (as in Artivism). Reina Sofia Museum, Madrid Jackson Pollock working

Different types of paint are usually identified by the medium that the pigment is suspended or embedded in, which determines the general working characteristics of the paint, such as viscosity, miscibility, solubility, drying time, etc. Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil, such as linseed oil, which was widely used in early modern Europe. Fresco is any of several related mural painting types, done on plaster on walls or ceilings. Buon fresco technique consists of painting in pigment mixed with water on a thin layer of wet, fresh lime mortar or plaster, for which the Italian word for plaster, intonaco, is used. Tempera, also known as egg tempera, is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder medium. Ink paintings are done with a liquid that contains pigments and/or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Watercolor is a painting method in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water-soluble vehicle. Gouache is a water-based paint consisting of pigment and other materials designed to be used in an opaque painting method. There are other medium like acrylic, hot wax or encaustic, enamel, spray paint or digital painting. Tahull, Pantocrator The girls of Avignon

Elements of painting The Visual Elements of line, shape, tone, color, pattern, texture and form are the building blocks of composition in art. When we analyse any drawing, painting, sculpture or design, we examine these component parts to see how they combine to create the overall effect of the artwork. • Line is the foundation of all drawing. It is the first and most versatile of the visual elements of art. Line in an artwork can be used in many different ways. It can be used to suggest shape, pattern, form, structure, growth, depth, distance, rhythm, movement and a range of emotions. Volume: mass/space. • Shape can be natural or man-made, regular or irregular, flat (2 -dimensional) or solid (3 dimensional), representational or abstract, geometric or organic, transparent or opaque, positive or negative, decorative or symbolic, colored, patterned or textured. Munch, The Scream, 1893

• • • The Perspective of Shapes: The angles and curves of shapes appear to change depending on our viewpoint. The technique we use to describe this change is called perspective drawing (linear and aerial perspectives). Tone is the lightness or darkness of a color. The tonal values of an artwork can be adjusted to alter its expressive character. Color is the visual element that has the strongest effect on our emotions. We use color to create the mood or atmosphere of an artwork. Pattern is made by repeating or echoing the elements of an artwork to communicate a sense of balance, harmony, contrast, rhythm or movement. Texture is the surface quality of an artwork the roughness or smoothness of the material from which it is made. Form is the physical volume of a shape and the space that it occupies. Form can be representational or abstract. Munch, The Scream, 1893

Quattrocento, 1424 -26, Masaccio’s Holy Trinity 6

The Cave of Altamira, around 20000 BC Examples Portrait of Paquius Proculo, 79 AD Tahull, Pantocrator, 1123 7

Arnolfini Marriage, 15 th century, Van Eyck 8

Raphael, The School of Athens (1511) 9

The beheading of St. John the Baptist by Caravaggio, 1608 10

ALL THE CHARACTERS LOOK AT VIEWERS SO VIEWERS GET INSIDE PAINTING. SCENE LOOKS LIKE A MOMENT IN A PHOTOGRAPH Linear perspective Aerial perspective in interior classic paintings of royal collections Monarchs portrait in the mirror Painter Self-portrait Familiar scene of the heir and the palace ladies GROUP PORTRAIT Open door, continuous depth Jesters Las Meninas by Velazquez, 1656 11

The Fable of Arachne, The spinners by Velazquez, 1657 12

Vermeer, Girl with a Pearl Earring, 1665 13

The Shootings of May Third 1808 by Goya, 1814 14

Théodore Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa, 1818– 1819 15

Édouard Manet, Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe, 1863 16

Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise, 1874 17

Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889 18

Gustav Klimt, The Kiss, 1907– 1908 19

Piet Mondrian, Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow, 1930 20

Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937 21

Jackson Pollock, Convergence, 1952 22

Made by Francisco Javier Abades Ansián History teacher, Castilla y León (Spain) Feel free to use and share 23