ART BEFORE HISTORY GARDINER CHAPTER 1 2 PP

ART BEFORE HISTORY GARDINER CHAPTER 1 -2 PP. 24 -28

NEOLITHIC ART Prehistory 1. Paleolithic 30, 000 -9, 000 BCE -> Old Stone Age 2. Mesolithic -> transitional period 3. Neolithic 8, 000 -2300 BCE -> New Stone Age Around 9000 BCE § Ice age ends § Transitional period § Neolithic begins at different times in different places

Prehistoric Times Paleolithic -> food gathering Mesolithic -> intensified food gathering + domestic of the dog Neolithic -> agriculture and stock raising

Neolithic Settled Communities 1. Jericho 8, 000 -7, 000 BCE -> Jordan River Valley in the Near East 2. Ain Ghazal 7200 -5000 BCE -> Jordan 3. Catal Hoyuk 6500 -5700 BCE -> Anatolia in Turkey

AIN GHAZAL Neolithic settlement in Jordan 3 dozen statuettes and busts found Ritually buried 6500 BCE White plaster Painted and inlaid w/bitumen Large size -> as big as 3 ft.

CATAL HOYUK Humans and Pictorial Narratives/ Prepared wall surfaces § § § Neolithic settlement in Anatolia Urban living Trade Town built according to a scheme No streets, no doors, access via roof Decorated rooms = shrines? -> wall paintings, plaster reliefs, animal heads, bucrania § Sculpture -> terracotta = baked clay

STONEHENGE 2550 -1600 BCE MEGALITHS = great stones MEGALITHIC = Neolithic architecture employing magaliths § § § § Most famous megalithic monument in Europe Salisbury Plain in southern England HENGE = megalithic stones arranged in a circle Rough cut sarsen/sandstone and “bluestones” Built over 100’s of years Concentric post-and-lintel circles Altar stone to heel stone -> point where sun rose at summer solstice § Some kind of astronomical observatory/solar calendar

POST-AND-LINTEL