ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES APPLIED LINGUISTICS

ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION AUTHORS: GUILLERMO CAJAMARCA P. DARÍO GUERRERO SOLANO ADVISORS: DIRECTOR CO-DIRECTOR: Lcdo. Miguel Ponce, Msc. Lcdo. MARCOS V. MORALES : OCTOBER 2009 QUITO - ECUADOR

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM RESEARCH THEME “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN THE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS ATTENDING THE EIGHTH LEVEL OF THE ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL, DURING THE TERM OCTOBER 2008 – MARCH 2009”.

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM INTRODUCTION ü English as an international means of communication. Spoken 300 millions native speakers / 400 -800 millions foreign users - ü What are the four basic language skills in English? C M M O U D N E I C A O T F I O N C O O M D I R E C T I O N OF M U N I C A T I O N

ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL PART ONE RESEARCH PROBLEM

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM PROBLEM SETTING “ ¿WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION AND THE LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT ? ”

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM VARIABLES MATRIX DEPENDENT VARIABLE ( Y) INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (X) DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION LISTENING SKILL LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SPEAKING SKILL READING SKILL WRITING SKILL

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM OBJECTIVES Determine the level of learning in LSRW through the CEF of Ref. for Language Method GENERAL Demonstrate if previous knowledge in FLS, affects academic activity of the Ss. Make a study on DLE and LSD using Descriptive Statistics

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM OBJECTIVES Carry out tests to know the Ss´ level of mastery of the LS, got during their academic years. SPECIFIC Identify acad. needs to suggest possible changes in Curriculum Framework Encourage Ss to reach personal goals regarding their Skills.

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM JUSTIFICATION EVALUATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DLE (X) AND LSD (Y) TO FIND OUT THE STUDENTS ‘ WEAKNESSES AND STRENGTHS IN LSD. DETERMINE MAIN PROBLEMS THAT SEEM TO BE HINDERING THE DEVELOPMENT THE LANGUAGE SKILLS, AND ALL PROBLEMS WHICH ARE AN OBSTACLE TO THE LANGUAGE SKILLS. CONSIDERING NEW METHOD OF TEACHING-LEARNING, BASED ON TICs, OUR PURPOSE IS TO APPLY E-LEARNING IN ENGLISH PROGRAM.

ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL PART TWO THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM INDEPENDENT VARIABLE(X): DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION CONCEPTUAL DEFINITIONS EDUCATIONAL ACT DIFFERENT METHODS, STRATEGIES AND MEANSPROFFESORS STUDENTS SEPARATE PHYSICALLY

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM DEPENDENT VARIABLE(Y): LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTUAL DEFINITIONS FOUR BASIC PARTS THEY ARE ALL MADE UP OF: LISTENING SPEAKING READING WRITING INTRINSICALLY LINKED

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM LISTENING SKILL GIVE ATTENTION TO SOMEONE IN ORDER TO HEAR THEM HEARING UNDERSTANDING JUDGING • Reception sounds. • Grasp the message in your own way. • Give opinion what speaker is saying. • Listening enough to catch the speaker is saying. • Verbal and nonverbal symbols crucial to understanding. • Can weigh the merits or demerits.

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM SPEAKING SKILL CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN BEINGS TO SAY WORDS OR USE THE VOICE. INTERACTIVE PARTIALLY -INTERACTIVE NON-INTERACTIVE • Interchange of conversation at any time. • Participation • No intervention Clarification, repetition, ask/answer question from time to time. • Participation is conditional • No conversation speakers and listeners

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM READING SKILL PHONEMIC AWARENESS ABILITY TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE FROM PRINT PHONICS (PHONEMES) READING COMPREHENSION • Distinguish & manipulate individual sounds. • Understand how letters combine to make sounds and words. • Reader intentionally and interactively engages with text. • Hear and identify sounds in spoken words. • Relationship Letters of written L. , & sounds of spoken L. • Understand gain meaning from what has been read.

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM WRITING SKILL INDEPENDENT Write text without help or assistance COMPREHENSIBILITY REPRESENTATION OF THE LANGUAGE BY SIGNS OR SYMBOLS. CREATIVITY Write, read and Write own ideas be understood by to read & be themselves and understood. others.

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM HYPOTHESIS SYSTEM HYPOTHESIS NULL HYPOTHESIS(Ho) WORKING HYPOTHESIS(Hi) THE DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION DOES NOT AFFECT EDUCATION DOES AFFECT THE LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT.

ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL PART THREE METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN 1) TYPE OF RESEARCH AND DESIGN RESEARCH: ü Applied, descriptive, and of fielding investigation: . Control and Experimental. Pre and Post Test. DESIGN: ü Quasi-experimental, quantitative and transversal. 2) SIZE AND SAMPLE SIZE: ü 20 students in last levels of the ALEP of the DLE-ESPE Term March 08 -Oct 09. SAMPLE: ü Whole population was considered as NO sample.

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN 3) FIELD WORK Support Center No. 50 ALEP-DLE ESPE (Quito), Term Oct-008 –Marc-009 ü Control Group: 4) INSTRUMENTS FOR DATA COLLECTION ü Pre – test. 10 students ü Post – test. ü Experimental Group: 10 students

ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL PART FOUR TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS GRAPHICAL EXPOSITION OF RESULTS

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM EXAMPLES OF RESULTS OBTAINED ON THE TESTS PRE – TEST (LISTENING SKILL) Question 3 What will the weather be like? a. It is going to snow b. It is going to sun c. It is going to rain RESPONSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE IT IS GOING TO SNOW 4 40% IT IS GOING TO SUN 3 30% IT IS GOING TO RAIN 3 30% 10 100% TOTAL: ………….

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM PRE – TEST (SPEAKING SKILL) Parameter a): STRESS FREQUENCY STRESS PERCENTAGE EXCELLENT 0 0% VERY GOOD 4 40% GOOD 5 50% REGULAR 1 10% DEFICIENT 0 0% 10 100% INDICATORS TOTAL: ………. .

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM EXAMPLES OF RESULTS OBTAINED ON THE TESTS POST – TEST (LISTENING SKILL) Question 3 How much is the skirt? RESPONSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE A 7 70% B 2 20% C 1 10% TOTAL: …………. 10 100%

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM POST –TEST (SPEAKING SKILL) Parameter a) STRESS FREQUENCY STRESS PERCENTAGE EXCELLENT 0 0% VERY GOOD 8 80% GOOD 2 20% REGULAR 0 00% DEFICIENT 0 00% 10 100% INDICATORS TOTAL: ………. .

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM Interpretation of data ANALYSIS OF RESULTS EXPERIMENTAL GROUP PRE - TEST POST - TEST x µ (x - µ)2 17. 33 16. 20 1. 13 1. 27 18. 00 0. 70 0. 49 0. 47 0. 22 17. 00 17. 30 -0. 30 0. 09 -1. 53 2. 34 16. 67 -0. 63 0. 39 0. 03 0. 009 0. 37 0. 13 -0. 63 0. 39 0. 70 0. 49 -0. 30 0. 09 0. 70 0. 49 2. 96 16. 67 14. 67 15. 67 17. 00 162. 02 16. 20 16. 20 -1. 53 2. 34 16. 67 -0. 53 0. 28 17. 33 1. 47 2. 16 17. 67 -0. 53 0. 28 16. 67 0. 80 0. 64 18. 00 -0. 53 0. 28 17. 00 0. 80 0. 64 10. 45 18. 00 173. 01 17. 30 17. 30

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM ANALYSIS OF RESULTS CALCULATION OF THE ARITHMETIC MEAN ARITMETHIC MEAN IN THE PRE-TEST ARITMETHIC MEAN IN THE POST-TEST ΣX = 162. 02/10 ΣX = 173. 01/10 = 16. 20 = 17. 30

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM ANALYSIS OF RESULTS We want to prove the significance of the difference between both results, supported by the hypothesis set in our project. Next, we test the difference between means, also called “margin of error of the Test T” to accept or reject the hypothesis using the formula below:

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM ANALYSIS OF RESULTS REPLACING DATA CALCULATION OF T-REASON: Sx 1 -Sx 2 = 0. 38 The observed difference is: -2. 89

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM ANALYSIS OF RESULTS CALCULATION “DEGREE OF FREEDOM” (Dof) The Degree of Freedom (Dof) is the number of participants in the Experimental Group (n 1) plus the number of participants in the Control Group (n 2) minus 2. Dof = (n 1+n 2 – 2) Dof = (10+10 -2) Dof = 18

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM ANALYSIS OF RESULTS CONSULT WITH THE “T TABLE”: IN THE LEVEL OF 0. 05 AND WITH 18 DEGREES OF FREEDOM, WE FOUND A T REASON OF: +2. 101 / - 2. 101

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM ANALYSIS OF RESULTS WORKING HYPOTHESIS -2. 89 -2. 101 +2. 89 THE RESULT OBTAINED IN T-REASON (-2. 89) IS HIGHER THAN (-2. 101) AS DISPLAYED IN T-TABLE, SO WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT, THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS IS SIGNIFICANT; THEREFORE THE NULL HYPOTHESIS (Ho) IS REJECTED, AND THE WORKING HYPOTHESIS (Hi) IS ACCEPTED.

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM ANALYSIS OF RESULTS WORKING HYPOTHESIS(Hi) IS ACCEPTED, THUS: “THE DISTANCE EDUCATION PROGRAM DOES AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STUDENTS LANGUAGE SKILLS ”

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM CONCLUSIONS The Distance Learning Education is significant and affects the development of listening and speaking skills. A few students have a good command of the Language Skills in English The results showed that AL in DEP allows the students to acquire proficiency in reading and writing. Practice in Listening and speaking are both scarce. Direction of communication (input and output message) Mode of communication (spoken and written message). E-learning applied to the Linguistics in English Program is a must alternative to improve the teaching and learning of the LSD nowadays.

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS Come up with practical ways to spur the students’ interest to master the language skills in English on a daily basis. Authorities and professors, if possible, should consider providing with audio material that would enhance the learning. Assign tasks, projects that motivate the students to want to improve and attain a good command of the language. The implementation of a virtual system in Applied Linguistics in English Program will allow the professors and students to take advantage of the TICs.

PART FIVE THE PROPOSAL

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM THE PROPOSAL “VIRTUAL LEARNING (E-LEARNING) IN THE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM”

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM E-LEARNING INTRODUCTION ü Technologies of Information and Communications (TICs). ü Works without limitation of space and time. ü Allows to work in asynchronous and synchronous activities.

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM E-LEARNING E-CAPACITY OF STORAGE DIGITALIZATION OF INFORMATION EASY ACCESS TO A WIDE SOURCE OF INFO CONTRIBUTION OF THE TICs CHANNELS OF IMMMEDIATE COMMUNICATION RAPID PROCESS AND RELIABLE TYPE OF DATA INTER-ACTIVITY OF INFORMATION

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM E-LEARNING Flexibility / accessibility Multidirectional medium Inexpensive worldwide distribution Crossplatform ADVANTAGES Information updating made easy Software widely available

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM E-LEARNING Use of TICs Fluency and dinamic communication series of opportunities and tasks PRINCIPLES Convenience and fexibility to learners Quality Education Minimun environmental impact

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM E-LEARNING ACTORS Teachers/Advisors ØInteraction with graphics designers and system programers. Learners/students Ø High level of autonomy Ø Use of TICs. Ø Knowledge and skills in the management of TICs. ØInteraction with everybody ØPractice methodological strategies Ø Ongoing communicatio: asynchronous and synchronous −wise Ø Ongoing and dynamic communication with everybody Ø Discipline ØUse of methodologies

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM E-LEARNING LESSON PLAN

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM E-LEARNING LESSON PLAN

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM E-LEARNING LESSON PLAN

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM E-LEARNING LESSON PLAN

ESPE APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM THANKS SO MUCH FOR YOUR VALUABLE TIME