ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES APPLIED LINGUISTICS

ARMY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES APPLIED LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH PROGRAM TITLE: The effects of parent's migration on motivation for learning a new language of 6 th and 7 th grade children, at Jorge Escudero Moscoso Public school during the school year September 2006 -June 2007. Author: María Augusta Villavicencio Almeida Advisors: Lic. Marcos Morales Lic. Carlos Espín. January, 2008 Quito Ecuador 1

INDEX PART 1 Research Problem: Objectives PART II Theoretical Frame: Chapters PART III Methodology PART IV Graphic representation of the results PART V Proposal 2

PART ONE 1. Research problem 1. 1 Problem Identification: • The immigration wave in Ecuador after the serious economic crisis in 1999 and the political uncertainty has given rise to an important group of students: the children of immigrating families. • The conflicting role in these children as consequence of the lack of support and development in the educational system. 3

1. 2 Problem Setting: n n Parents migration affect the children education. Parents migration is enough cause to have a low motivation and performance in school. 1. 3 Objectives - General: - To study the causes of migration and its effects in the Ecuadorian educative system and other fields. - To analyze the degree of motivation at school for learning a new language in children of the 6 th and 7 th grade. 4

- Specific Objectives: § To analyze the family crisis after 1999, and the economical and political uncertainty of Ecuador n n n To determine in the children, the level of interest to study the English Language and how to improve the learning in the English class. To study the use of remittances and the children's attitude. To make the proposal based on the methodology and strategies for learning 5

1. 4 Justification: After observing the emigrational phenomenon in general, and after analyzing the reasons because Ecuadorians have to emigrate, we must identify and analyzing the lack of enthusiasm for learning, take into account the environment where the children develop and the education system in Ecuador, to find the appropriate methodologies in order to improve this behavior. 6

PART TWO Chapter I 1. 1 Social consequences, causes and incidence of Parents migration. n The decision to move from one country to another have enabled people to survive. n In Ecuador the migration showed a remarkable peak at the beginning of the 1990`s. In 1998 it turned into an explosion. (around a half of million of Ecuadorian) n This research work shows the situation of children who belong to lower class status and how migration is affecting the educational environment in the country. 1. 1. 1. Historical Background Migration waves 1. 1. 2 Migrants Destination USA, Spain, Italy. (32%, 45%, 13%) 7

1. 1. 3 Migration Status INEC shows us the following numbers: 7% of homes have one or more members abroad. 10% of population have left the country ( 1. 500 million). 52% left their children in the country in the last decade. Migration level have been lower since 2002. (migration laws) Statistics in Quito: more than 81. 000 people emigrated since 1996 -2001 41% Father /mother who had migrated have left children under the care of grandparents; 11% left them alone at home. 3% left their children with another guardian 48. 7% of migrants from Quito were woman; 23. 7 % were considered poor 8

The Migration decision. n “What does Migration represent for you, a victory or a fail? Migration: main strategy for survival and means of searching a worthy life. Reasons to migrate. . Family disorganization. 1. 1. 5 Low Scholar Performance Ecuador’s quality of education is one of the lowest among Latin American countries. Lack of government investment in education, and consequently the well remunerated employment. Student desertion: 18% 2001 -2002. Repetition indexes 6% urban area; 13% rural area. Joining Gangs. - Lack of parental control have inclined to use alcohol, drugs, lechery as a tendency to look for refuge. 9

1. 2 Economical Impacts Ecuador experienced the quickest impoverishment in the history of Latin America (1995 – 2000). The consequence: massive unemployment and underemployment, & reduction of the social investments, among others. Factors of dramatic situation: Natural order, Economic order, Political order. 1. 2. 3 The Remittances & Education • The remittances grew up to 7 and 8 % of Ecuador GIP (2000 -2002), being the 2 nd. biggest support to the economic budget. • A million Ecuadorians receive remittances coming mainly from Spain 44% and USA 38% 10

Uses of remittances: 61% to daily expenses 17% for superfluous expenses or luxuries 22% dedicated to long term investments: (8% to investments, 8 % savings, 4% to purchase of properties, only 2% for education) 1. 3 Political Issues Governmental policies The Migration, Communication and Development Plan has been to second debate in the former National Congress, so it will be reviewed in the Constituent Meeting (Asamblea Constituyente). In the current government, the Migrant's National Secretary has been created as an important element in the policies to be implemented, specially oriented to the family gathering. 11

Chapter II Degree of school motivation Parents absence: Children's security at home Free time Lack of control at children's house Homework supervision Academic performance Children maltreatment Teachers’ role in children motivation Educators’ points of view of migration effects Children's education responsibility 12

Chapter III Parents absence in motivation at school n Remittances in the children’s attitude * n n n n Use of remittances A child learns to be oneself Gangs influence in children Teachers role in the student desertion Motivation of learning a new language In a foreign country; In the native country Protection Policies for children's migrants Atmosphere improvement inside institutions 13

PART THREE Methodological design Research type and design Population and Sample Eight and seventh year students from Jorge Escudero Moscoso Public Elementary School. Population: 110 Sample: 40 Instruments for data collection: Survey : Questionaire. Test Observation: Observation guide 14

PART FOUR 4. 1 Graphical Exposition and Analysis of results Survey made to parents and Teachers of 6 th and 7 th grade 1. Do you have relatives abroad? 95 % Yes 2. How many students have their parents abroad ? 15

3. Which of your relatives is abroad? 4. How long ago did your relatives go abroad? 16

5. Who take care of Children ? 6. Do the children like to go to school ? 100% yes 7. Would you like to learn English ? 97 % yes 17

8. Which subject do you like the most? 9. Why would you like to learn English ? 18

11. How is the relationship between teachers and children whose parents have migrated? 19

Methods and Materials Used at Jorge Escudero School The teacher uses the board, colors, book and copybook. 20

Part V Proposal General Objective: • Teaching and practicing English to children who may have learning difficulties or other additional educational needs. Specific Objectives: • Make easier, fun and interesting to children the learning of English language. • Provide teaching strategies for the institution and the classroom. • Prepare didactic material to develop activities through the chosen Methodology. • To make extra curricular activities to encourage students to learn English. 21

Methodology: 1. English Learning circles Goal: communicate each other, using English, it is often difficult to overcome. We must motivate children to do so in a classroom environment. Clubs Group real life activities communicate their own ideas: produce a magazine invite a native speaker visitor to talk about any subject. Prepare a talk for others create tasks for each other: They can choose an interesting text In or out of class They will improve their reading and listening skills. Teacher take the role of a support rather than controller. 22

2. Video and young learners Goal. - The idea is to show that language learning is a happy experience, and video creates an attractive enjoyable learning environment. way of study body language Videos Children get more confidence through repetition – absorption & imitation. Communicates meaning better than other media Represents a positive exploitation of technology Types ( animation, cartoons; educational, tv advertisements, music video clips, ) Criteria for selecting video: interesting, completeness, length, content, level of maturity. The video's quality is important like: visual, sound, speech clarity and easier to understand. Children will improve listening skills. 23

3. Total Physical Response TPR Goal. - Learn English like the way that children learn their mother tongue. It attempts to do same in the classroom. It is adapted for all teaching situations. It is very memorable. It can be used in large or small classes; It doesn't require a lot of preparation or materials It is very effective with teenagers and young learners It involves left and right brained learning. When to use it To teach and practice: Vocabulary connected with actions. . eg. smile, chop; Tenses past/present/future. Classroom language: Imperatives / instructions…. close your eyes. It can be a successful and fun way of changing the dynamics 24

4. Arts and crafts with young learners Goal. - Learning English through making crafts and arts, It can be an excellent way to facilitate language learning with young learners. • Students work in groups on a project • Include cross curricular activities • Getting children to produce art work for competition • It is useful for recycling language Arts and crafts in the English classroom covers a wide area from simple activities such as cut and paste to more complicated projects. 25

4. 4 Conclusions “Any migrant’s child can be considered neither absolutely successful nor destined to fail. This thesis allows us to get some conclusions: 1) 2) 3) • • • The emotional impact can last long time. The school performance patron in children is similar Parents migration may have a positive scholar performances: Children appreciate the school more. Children have to organize their homework and tasks by themselves. Parents send money to improve their life quality. The key to explain the relative successful or the relative fail, is the person who cares Children and the commitment from the parents with children education and the family economy. This thesis expects to delete the wrong idea that migrants` children are hard to deal with, showing to the whole society, that migrants’ children must be treated like any other else. 26

Recomendations n The Ecuadorian State must establish a better budget and resources to improve the quality of teaching. n The Ecuadorian State ought to adopt efficient educational measures to eradicate any type of behaviors that discriminate children, as well as guarantee the elaboration of school texts which do not reinforce the socially and traditionally assigned stereotypes. n Children without parents need extra motivation on doing all kind of chores, they do not have parents who support their studies, in many cases they do not obey their tutors, so the only chance we have to develop a positive attitude toward learning in this case English, is by using adequate methodologies recommended in this thesis, which motivate and stimulate children senses. Schools should create spaces like “task Class” 27

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