Argumentative Writing Multi paragraphEssay Introductory paragraph Body paragraph
論述(Argumentative Writing) 複雑な問題になると1パラグ ラフでは表せない Multi paragraph=Essay • Introductory paragraph • Body paragraph • Concluding paragraph Introductory paragraph Topic sentence Supporting sentence Concluding sentence Body paragraph Topic sentence Supporting sentence Concluding paragraph Topic sentence メタ構造になる Supporting sentence Concluding sentence 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 5
論文の基本的構成 和文 英文 タイトル部 Title 要約(あらまし) Abstract 序論(主題提示) I 本論 ・論証 ・根拠 M R A D Main Topic Results and Discussion Conclusion 結論(まとめ) 2015/4/22 Introduction Academic Writing 3 8
英語と日本語の相違(例) 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 13
英語によるライティング 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 14
様々なライティング • Essay • Report • Dissertation • Literature review • Questionnaire • Formal letter • Research proposal http: //library. bcu. ac. uk/learner/Writing%20 index. htm Birmingham City University 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 15
はっきりしない言語は英語ではない • 原因と結果をはっきり述べる Cause & effect • 断定的に書く=はっきり言い切る × It may be true that …. . • 主語をはっきりさせる The color of the liquid changed as the temperature went up. • 否定か肯定かを早くはっきりする The paper was not accepted because … … • 全体を先に部分をあとで Generally speaking, the experiment well, but the second one could be redone. 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 19
Rules • Argument should run as a logical sequence. ( 議論は論理的に) • No essential steps should be left unwritten. ( 重要な事項は必ず書く) • Be as precise, unambiguous, and explicit as you can. (正確に、明瞭に、明白に) • Don’t hesitate to state your conclusions boldly and definitely. (大胆に、はっきりと) 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 20
Report writing
日本語でのライティング • レポートの書き方 東京大学機械 学科レポートの書き方 http: //www. mech. t. u-tokyo. ac. jp/atelier/report/1 exrepo_instruction 2013 R. pdf#search=%27%E 6%9 D%B 1%E 4%BA%AC%E 5%A 4%A 7%E 5%AD%A 6 %E 6%A 9%9 F%E 6%A 2%B 0%E 5%B 7%A 5%E 5%AD%A 6%E 7%A 7%91+%E 3%83%AC%E 3%83%9 D%E 3%83%BC%E 3%83%88%27 東京大学教育学部基礎教育学コース 信頼される論文を書くために http: //www. p. u-tokyo. ac. jp/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/manual_dec 2012. pdf 東京大学人文地理学教室 巡検報告書・基礎演習レポートの執筆要領 http: //www. humgeo. c. u-tokyo. ac. jp/staff/member/s_kajita/junken. pdf • レター、報告書、卒業論文 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 24
What is a report? • A report is a systematic, well organized document which defines and analyzes a subject or problem. • the record of a sequence of events • Interpretation of the significance of these events or facts • Evaluation of the facts or results of research presented • Discussion of the outcomes of a decision or course of action • Conclusions and recommendations • http: //library. bcu. ac. uk/learner/Writing%20 index. htm 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 25
Accurate, concise, clear, well structured • Check with your course tutors and course documentation as to the report format and content expected • Always use clear and concise English, avoiding jargon and colloquial language. • Write in fairly short sentences. • Make sure you develop each paragraph sufficiently (usually a minimum of 5/6 sentences). • Most of your report should be impersonal, although it may be appropriate in your conclusion or recommendations to include more personal language. • Be extra careful with verb tenses. 26
• Make sure that you fully understand the topic, question or case (トピック) • What the purpose of the report is, and who it is being written for. (目的、ターゲット) • Is it to inform; to argue; to persuade; to evaluate? (知らせる、議論する、説得する、評価する) • What does your reader want to see in the report and what will they do with it? 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 27
提出する前に Check list General layout (全般的なレイアウト) Text organization (テキストの構成) Coherence (首尾一貫性) Grammar, spelling and punctuation (文法、 スペリング、句読法) • Referencing (参照) • Style (スタイル) • • 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 28
ライティングに必要なこと • • Plagiarism(剽窃について) Referencing(参照、引用) Summaries of source materials(引用の要約) Developing an argument(議論) Using tables and figures(図と表) Comparing and contrasting(比較と対照) Avoiding personal language(口語を避ける) 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 29
Resume and Curriculum Vitae いわゆる履歴書
ResumeとCVの違い Resume: for American or Canadian companies CV: for England, Australia, New-Zealand, and European companies Curriculum Vitae=人生の物語 CV: Personal Informationの項目があり、 誕生日、性別、国籍、既婚・未婚状況などの 個人情報を求められる。 Resume: 個人情報は必要ではない 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 31
Resumeの種類 Chronological Resume: 職歴と学歴を時間軸に 沿って並べる一般のレジュメ Functional Resume: 能力と実績に焦点をおいた レジュメ Performance Resume: Combined Resume 上記の長所を合わせた書類 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 33
Career objective(仕事への動機) 1. To secure a position with a public accounting firm with emphasis on auditing and to fulfill the requirements to become a certified public accountant. 2. To obtain a position as a tax accountant for a public accounting firm. 3. Seeking a position as a sales representative with a consumer products organization which will lead to sales management. 4. To obtain a position in software development for designing and implementing operating systems. 5. A position in electrical engineering concentrating on the design and development of electronic systems. 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 34
6. A position in electrical engineering that can utilize my broad electronic systems development experiences and integrated circuit implementation abilities. 7. To utilize my analytical and quantitative skills and obtain a challenging position in the marketing research field. 8. A position in marketing management which can utilize my extensive strategic marketing experiences. 9. To enter the field of information systems in the field of financial applications. 10. To enter the field of computer applications with emphasis in designing and developing computer programs. 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 35
11. To use my computer program designing and development skills in the field of computer applications. 12. A position as a technical writer in the field of computer technology. 13. To obtain a position in the advertising industry and utilize my innovative graphic design skills. 14. To enter the publishing industry as a writer and use my broad linguistic skills. 15. Seeking a position as a design engineer and utilize my planning and project management skills. 16. To apply my extensive financial management experiences in an investment banking firm. 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 36
いろいろなスキル 1. 職務上の能力とは過去のいろいろな職務経験から取得で きたスキル 例: leading, persuading, organizing, problem solving, negotiating, and coordinating これらはどの会社でも職務要件に記載できる 2. 個人的な能力とはあなたの個性を説明できるようなスキル このスキルはObjective又はSummaryに記載可 英文レジュメのスキルの項目Skillsには記入しない 例:accurate, active, conscientious, creative, dependable, efficient, energetic, motivated, outgoing, productive, reliable, self-disciplined, and successful 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 37
“I”の多用は避ける NG: I was engaged in sales promotion activities Good: Engaged in sales promotion activities NG: I was promoted to the position of sales manager Good: Promoted to the position of sales manager 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 39
Contents Contact Information : First, Last Name, Address, Tel: , Mobile: , Email: Career Objective Summary (Career Highlights / Qualifications) Experience: Company Name, Dates Worked, Job Title, Responsibilities & Achievements Education: College, Degree, Awards, Honors Certificates Skills: computer skills, language skills. References available upon request 40
Europass https: //europass. cedefop. europa. eu/editors/en/cv/compose 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 42
相手が知りたいこと 1. What are your future goals? 2. What did you like most/least about your previous job? 3. What do you know about this job and this company? 4. What can you contribute to this organization? 5. Tell us about your major achievements in your career? 6. Tell us about how you coped with a major problem/situation? 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 47
面接で聞かれること • The office could have been hard to find. Did you have any trouble? • Tell me about yourself. • What do you want to know about us? • Why are you interested in working here? • Where do you see yourself in five years? • Any questions? 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 48
何か質問はと言われたら 1. What is the most challenging aspect of this career or position? 2. What do you look for in people you hire? 3. How are employees evaluated? 4. What is the promotion system? 5. Who is your major competitor? 面接後には1日か2日のうちにThank you letterを送る 面接の機会を与えてくれたことに対して感謝を示す 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 49
As of February 1, 2013 Kumiko Morimura, Ph. D, is an Associate Professor at the University of Tokyo, where she teaches technical English to graduate students in School of Engineering. In addition, she is in charge of “Special English Lessons” program for undergraduate engineering students. She runs several Project Based Learning classes such as the SNOWBALLS project, K-Skype program and the M-Skype project. In the SNOWBALLS project, she is building an e-learning system which will support the undergraduate students entering their specialized area to learn English terminology for engineering. Prof. Morimura majored in psychology and received Bachelor’s Degree from Osaka University and she received M. A. and Ph. D. in Interdisciplinary Information Studies from the University of Tokyo by studying on sound pressure level (SPL) balance of choir singing with an interdisciplinary approach. She is a member of Acoustic Society of Japan (ASJ) and the Institute of Electrical, Electronics Engineers Professional Communication Society (IEEE PCS) and Japanese Society for Engineers Education. Present Address: Kumiko Morimura, Ph. D. Associate Professor Manager of Global Ware Project Global Center for Innovation in Engineering Education School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7 -3 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 -8656, Japan Phone: +81 -3 -5841 -6044 Fax: +81 -3 -5841 -8917 E-mail: morimura@t-adm. t. u-tokyo. ac. jp Academic Writing 3 2015/4/22 51
Masahiro Kamimura was born in Tokyo, Japan. He received the B. S. degree in 1991 from Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan, the M. S. degree in 1993 from Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Ph. D. degree in 2003 from Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, all in mathematics. He was an instructor of Tokyo Denki University, from 1994 to 1998, and a researcher of Central Research Laboratory, HITACHI Ltd. , from 1998 to 2004. In April 2004, he joined the faculty of Tohoku-Gakuin University as a lecturer in electrical engineering and information technology. From April 2005 to March 2011, he was an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology. From April 2010 to March 2011, he was a (Visiting) Research Fellow in The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India. Since April 2011, he has been a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology. His areas of research interest are spectral theory of Schrödinger operators, mathematical physics, cryptography, tamper-resistant technology for smartcard-like device, and mathematical sociology. Membership of academic societies: MSJ(Mathematical Society of Japan) IEICE(The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineering) JAMS(Japanese Association for Mathematical Sociology) Email: kamimura at tc. tohoku-g. ac. jp(spam-filter possible) 52
Short bioを書いてみよう • 100語version • 200語version 2015/4/22 Academic Writing 3 53
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