Argumentation Agree or Disagree Argumentation Have you ever
![Argumentation Agree or Disagree Argumentation Agree or Disagree](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-1.jpg)
![Argumentation Have you ever argued with others? How do you argue with others? Argument Argumentation Have you ever argued with others? How do you argue with others? Argument](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-2.jpg)
![Warm-up Activity You and your partner are discussing what you are going to do Warm-up Activity You and your partner are discussing what you are going to do](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-3.jpg)
![Argumentation { To argue is to persuade your audience to agree with your opinion Argumentation { To argue is to persuade your audience to agree with your opinion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-4.jpg)
![Viewpoint A debatable point Evidence Sufficient evidence Argument Substantiation Sound logic Refutation (1) A Viewpoint A debatable point Evidence Sufficient evidence Argument Substantiation Sound logic Refutation (1) A](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-5.jpg)
![Essential Elements of Argumentation { The issue—a debatable idea about which people disagree Essential Elements of Argumentation { The issue—a debatable idea about which people disagree](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-6.jpg)
![A Debatable Point An issue that is both controversial and significant. /Forest Gump is A Debatable Point An issue that is both controversial and significant. /Forest Gump is](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-7.jpg)
![Major Stages I. Introduction (提出�� /引� ) • Identification of issue • Background to Major Stages I. Introduction (提出�� /引� ) • Identification of issue • Background to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-8.jpg)
![Are cash incentives a good way to motivate employees? { Intro 1 { Money Are cash incentives a good way to motivate employees? { Intro 1 { Money](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-9.jpg)
![{ Intro 2 { Many people argue that cash incentives are an unfair means { Intro 2 { Many people argue that cash incentives are an unfair means](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-10.jpg)
![Thesis sentence: comes at the end of introduction. { In this essay, I will Thesis sentence: comes at the end of introduction. { In this essay, I will](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-11.jpg)
![Avoid “I think…” My belief is that…/In my view…/ For my part/As to me/As Avoid “I think…” My belief is that…/In my view…/ For my part/As to me/As](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-12.jpg)
![{ The first thing we have to consider is { First of all I { The first thing we have to consider is { First of all I](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-13.jpg)
![II. Body (分析�� /本� ) Layout of an essay: 3773: a four paragraph essay II. Body (分析�� /本� ) Layout of an essay: 3773: a four paragraph essay](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-14.jpg)
![{ 3773 means { 35553 means { a 3 -sentence Intro { a 7 { 3773 means { 35553 means { a 3 -sentence Intro { a 7](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-15.jpg)
![Should Smoking Be Banned? It has become fashionable in the world today to condemn Should Smoking Be Banned? It has become fashionable in the world today to condemn](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-16.jpg)
![III. Conclusion (解决�� /�� ) { rephrase the question { summarize the main ideas III. Conclusion (解决�� /�� ) { rephrase the question { summarize the main ideas](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-17.jpg)
![Conclusions { Should we beat children? { In conclusion, physical punishment can be a Conclusions { Should we beat children? { In conclusion, physical punishment can be a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-18.jpg)
![Language features of argumentation Persuasive language One way of giving emphasis is by using Language features of argumentation Persuasive language One way of giving emphasis is by using](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-19.jpg)
![{ Rarely had such a noise been heard. { Never { Hardly…. . when { Rarely had such a noise been heard. { Never { Hardly…. . when](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-20.jpg)
![The degree of sureness (to make the statement more or less forceful) It could The degree of sureness (to make the statement more or less forceful) It could](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-21.jpg)
![The preciseness We could stand a better chance to persuade the readers if we The preciseness We could stand a better chance to persuade the readers if we](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-22.jpg)
![Moreover, interview is not an effective way of recruitment because of the subjectivity Moreover, interview is not an effective way of recruitment because of the subjectivity](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-23.jpg)
![Moreover, interview is not always an effective way of recruitment because of the Moreover, interview is not always an effective way of recruitment because of the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-24.jpg)
![Limiting words Quantity: many, a number of, few, Frequency: sometimes, usually, always, seldom, rarely Limiting words Quantity: many, a number of, few, Frequency: sometimes, usually, always, seldom, rarely](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-25.jpg)
![Homework { Finish the peer evaluation. Homework { Finish the peer evaluation.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-26.jpg)
- Slides: 26
![Argumentation Agree or Disagree Argumentation Agree or Disagree](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-1.jpg)
Argumentation Agree or Disagree
![Argumentation Have you ever argued with others How do you argue with others Argument Argumentation Have you ever argued with others? How do you argue with others? Argument](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-2.jpg)
Argumentation Have you ever argued with others? How do you argue with others? Argument ≠Shouting Match. a conflict of opinions controversial convince rational and reasonable
![Warmup Activity You and your partner are discussing what you are going to do Warm-up Activity You and your partner are discussing what you are going to do](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-3.jpg)
Warm-up Activity You and your partner are discussing what you are going to do together during this coming summer vacation. Your partener prefers to work in a big company to earn some money. You prefer to do some voluntary work for society. You try to persuade each other by giving various reasons. { Please note down what methods/views are used to persuade others to believe you.
![Argumentation To argue is to persuade your audience to agree with your opinion Argumentation { To argue is to persuade your audience to agree with your opinion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-4.jpg)
Argumentation { To argue is to persuade your audience to agree with your opinion or position by presenting logical reasoning and solid evidence. { --to convince { --to defend { --to attack
![Viewpoint A debatable point Evidence Sufficient evidence Argument Substantiation Sound logic Refutation 1 A Viewpoint A debatable point Evidence Sufficient evidence Argument Substantiation Sound logic Refutation (1) A](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-5.jpg)
Viewpoint A debatable point Evidence Sufficient evidence Argument Substantiation Sound logic Refutation (1) A direct disapproval to the viewpoint (2) A disapproval to the evidence, then to the viewpoint (3) A disapproval to the substantiation, then to the viewpoint
![Essential Elements of Argumentation The issuea debatable idea about which people disagree Essential Elements of Argumentation { The issue—a debatable idea about which people disagree](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-6.jpg)
Essential Elements of Argumentation { The issue—a debatable idea about which people disagree and hold different points of view { The claim—the point of view the writer tries to prove about the issue, usually the writer’s view on the issue { The support—ideas and information intended to convince readers that the claim is sound or believable. The three common types of support are reasons, evidence, and emotional appeal. { The refutation, which recognizes and argues against opposing viewpoints
![A Debatable Point An issue that is both controversial and significant Forest Gump is A Debatable Point An issue that is both controversial and significant. /Forest Gump is](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-7.jpg)
A Debatable Point An issue that is both controversial and significant. /Forest Gump is my favorite movie. (personal preference) /The smartphones are more and more popular recently. (mere statement of fact) /Noise pollution is harmful to people’s health. (generally accepted viewpoint) Having a dink family makes it possible to maintain a relatively stable marital life.
![Major Stages I Introduction 提出 引 Identification of issue Background to Major Stages I. Introduction (提出�� /引� ) • Identification of issue • Background to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-8.jpg)
Major Stages I. Introduction (提出�� /引� ) • Identification of issue • Background to issue • Thesis statement
![Are cash incentives a good way to motivate employees Intro 1 Money Are cash incentives a good way to motivate employees? { Intro 1 { Money](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-9.jpg)
Are cash incentives a good way to motivate employees? { Intro 1 { Money makes the world go round, and nowhere is this more true than in the workplace. Employers know that money is one of the best motivators. However, are bonuses or cash awards always the best way to reward employees? In this essay, I will look at some of the arguments for cash as a reward.
![Intro 2 Many people argue that cash incentives are an unfair means { Intro 2 { Many people argue that cash incentives are an unfair means](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-10.jpg)
{ Intro 2 { Many people argue that cash incentives are an unfair means of motivating employees. Others love the simple, practical, down-to-earth gift of money for a job well done. I feel that while there are some circumstances where money is the best recognition for extra work, there are other times it is inappropriate.
![Thesis sentence comes at the end of introduction In this essay I will Thesis sentence: comes at the end of introduction. { In this essay, I will](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-11.jpg)
Thesis sentence: comes at the end of introduction. { In this essay, I will outline the arguments for and against. . . { This essay looks at ideas in favour of. . and against. . { This essay will discuss the benefits of. . { I am going to analyse the effects of. . {. . . is completely unnecessary. { Words to use in thesis sentence { analyze, look at, examine, discuss, outline, consider, describe
![Avoid I think My belief is thatIn my view For my partAs to meAs Avoid “I think…” My belief is that…/In my view…/ For my part/As to me/As](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-12.jpg)
Avoid “I think…” My belief is that…/In my view…/ For my part/As to me/As far as I am concerned, I'd like to agree to the former point of view. My favor goes to the first point of view. There are two main reasons why I oppose/favor… It would be more accurate to say that… All things considered, I am in favor of… There is sufficient evidence to show that… “It…” constructions (it could be argued that…; most people would agree…)
![The first thing we have to consider is First of all I { The first thing we have to consider is { First of all I](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-13.jpg)
{ The first thing we have to consider is { First of all I should like to consider { The first thing to be considered is… { It is a fact that… { I believe that… { There is no doubt that…
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II. Body (分析�� /本� ) Layout of an essay: 3773: a four paragraph essay 35553: a five paragraph essay
![3773 means 35553 means a 3 sentence Intro a 7 { 3773 means { 35553 means { a 3 -sentence Intro { a 7](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-15.jpg)
{ 3773 means { 35553 means { a 3 -sentence Intro { a 7 -sentence para { a 5 -sentence para { a 7 -sentence para { a 3 -sentence conclusion { a 5 -sentence para { a 3 -sentence conclusion
![Should Smoking Be Banned It has become fashionable in the world today to condemn Should Smoking Be Banned? It has become fashionable in the world today to condemn](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-16.jpg)
Should Smoking Be Banned? It has become fashionable in the world today to condemn smoking. However, although I feel that smoking can be harmful, I do not think it should be banned. Claim First, smoking undoubtedly helps many people to relax. For some, it ······. Support A further point is that governments throughout the world make huge profits from levying taxes on cigarettes. This provides funds ······. Support I would also argue that people should have the right to choose whether they smoke or not. People should not smoke ······. Support
![III Conclusion 解决 rephrase the question summarize the main ideas III. Conclusion (解决�� /�� ) { rephrase the question { summarize the main ideas](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-17.jpg)
III. Conclusion (解决�� /�� ) { rephrase the question { summarize the main ideas { look to the future (say what will happen if the situation continues or changes)
![Conclusions Should we beat children In conclusion physical punishment can be a Conclusions { Should we beat children? { In conclusion, physical punishment can be a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-18.jpg)
Conclusions { Should we beat children? { In conclusion, physical punishment can be a useful method of discipline. However it should be the last choice for parents. If we want to build a world with less violence we must begin at home, and we must teach our children to be responsible. (summarize and look to the future) { Who are the better parents - men or women? { It is not an either-or question. Both men and women have strengths and skills that are important for children's psychological growth. We need to ensure that both parents play an important role in the family in order to give children a good start in life. (opinion)
![Language features of argumentation Persuasive language One way of giving emphasis is by using Language features of argumentation Persuasive language One way of giving emphasis is by using](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-19.jpg)
Language features of argumentation Persuasive language One way of giving emphasis is by using “negative inversion” When those words are at the beginning of a sentence, inversion is used:
![Rarely had such a noise been heard Never Hardly when { Rarely had such a noise been heard. { Never { Hardly…. . when](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-20.jpg)
{ Rarely had such a noise been heard. { Never { Hardly…. . when { Not only…but also { Under no circumstance { Under no account { Seldom { Little { Few
![The degree of sureness to make the statement more or less forceful It could The degree of sureness (to make the statement more or less forceful) It could](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-21.jpg)
The degree of sureness (to make the statement more or less forceful) It could be argued that … Most people would agree… We have an obligation to … (instead of “we must…”) There is a tendency to … The likelihood that … He is probably right when he says/writes that…
![The preciseness We could stand a better chance to persuade the readers if we The preciseness We could stand a better chance to persuade the readers if we](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-22.jpg)
The preciseness We could stand a better chance to persuade the readers if we make our writing more precise by using limiting words.
![Moreover interview is not an effective way of recruitment because of the subjectivity Moreover, interview is not an effective way of recruitment because of the subjectivity](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-23.jpg)
Moreover, interview is not an effective way of recruitment because of the subjectivity it involves in decision making. Interviewers build their judgment on the first impression of candidates. Besides, interview is open to favoritism and nepotism.
![Moreover interview is not always an effective way of recruitment because of the Moreover, interview is not always an effective way of recruitment because of the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-24.jpg)
Moreover, interview is not always an effective way of recruitment because of the subjectivity it involves in decision making. Many interviewers are likely to build their judgment on the first impression of candidates. Besides, in extreme cases, interview is open to favoritism and nepotism.
![Limiting words Quantity many a number of few Frequency sometimes usually always seldom rarely Limiting words Quantity: many, a number of, few, Frequency: sometimes, usually, always, seldom, rarely](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-25.jpg)
Limiting words Quantity: many, a number of, few, Frequency: sometimes, usually, always, seldom, rarely Extent: almost none/ all, nearly, to some extent, in general, generally speaking Condition: if…, when…, as long as…, with/ without… Possibility: be likely to do, tend to do, there is a danger/hope that…
![Homework Finish the peer evaluation Homework { Finish the peer evaluation.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/619167d8e78d6ae8b692828dfe77d5ad/image-26.jpg)
Homework { Finish the peer evaluation.
You are what you eat do you agree or disagree
Do you agree or disagree with the statement
Do you agree or disagree with the statement
Mistakes are the portals of discovery meaning
Agree disagree line
Agree strongly agree
Father-son conflict archetype
Ever ancient ever new
Ever ancient ever new
Have you ever looked
Ever tried ever failed no matter
Have you ever done something dangerous
Have you ever wondered
Shoplifting facts and statistics
Have you ever read the book
Have you ever experienced culture shock?
Have you ever climbed a mountain?
Have you ever been down
Have you ever ridden a camel
Have you ever climbed a mountain?
Have you ever seen a “greenhouse”?
Have you ever been to hong kong?
Have you ever watched people
Stanza in poetry
Have you ever been to an amusement park
Have you ever been to a zoo
Did you ever wonder questions