Arena Viruses Hugh B Fackrell Filename Arena ppt

Arena Viruses Hugh B Fackrell Filename: Arena. ppt 10/21/2021 1

Arena Viruses Structure l Classification l Multiplication l Clinical manifestations l Epidemiology l Diagnosis l Control l 10/21/2021 Baron’s Web Site 2

EM of Arenavirus l Pleomorphic – 120 nm l “Sandy” – dense 20 nm particles 10/21/2021 3

Structure of Arenavirus Enveloped l RNA l – linear or circular – 2 strands – negative strands 10/21/2021 4

Virus RNA transcriptase - ss RNA + m. RNA + ss. RNA 10/21/2021 Arena Virus Replication 5

Reservoir Pet hamsters l Rodent breeding facilities l Wild Rodents l Virus spread from rodents by urine and feces. l – contaminate food or water. l rodents do not acquire disease 10/21/2021 6

Arena in Humans humans are an accidental host. l aerosol transmission is suspected in human to human. l human transmission occurs because the virulence of the virus has been increased due to the multiplication in a human host. l sudden eruption of the disease is due to the lack of exposure. l disease is acute in humans. l 10/21/2021 7

Diseases Lymphocytic choriomeningitis l Argentinean Hemorrhagic fever l Bolivian Hemorrhagic fever l Lassa Fever l 10/21/2021 CDC Arenavirus factsheet 8

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus found in house mice - world wide. l incubation 10 -14 days. l most asymptomatic or have mild “cold” symptoms. More severe headache, confusion, photophobia, listlessness, apathy, may have more severe neurological symptoms. In all cases the disease is short lived and not fatal. l 10/21/2021 9

Hemorrhagic Fevers much more severe and often fatal. l incubation 10 -14 days. l 2 -4 days increasing fever - progressive malaise. l 10/21/2021 10

Argentinian Hemorrhagic Fever causes mild hepatitis l farm workers at risk. l death rate is 15 -20%. l 10/21/2021 11

Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever causes mild hepatitis l farmworkers at risk. l death rate is 15 -20%. l 10/21/2021 12

Lassa Fever discovered in Nigeria, Africa. l found in wild rodents in Nigeria, Liberia and Sierra Leone. l 10/21/2021 13

Lassa Fever Symptoms the most serious of the four human arenavirus infections. l mild cases survive and may go undetected. l causes severe hepatitis l Hemoconcentration and elevated SGOT levels usually mean death. l The death rate among severe cases is 3060%. l 10/21/2021 14

Index case reported in a nurse. l highly infectious. Two attending nurses contracted the disease. One recovered, the second was saved by the passive transfer of the antibodies of the one who recovered. l 10/21/2021 15

DONE!!! 10/21/2021 16