AREAS OF APPLICATION Behavior modification procedures have been

AREAS OF APPLICATION

Behavior modification procedures have been used in many areas to help people change a vast array of problematic behavior. v Developmental Disability ü people with developmental disability often : • Have behavioral deficit to teach functional skills • Exhibit serious problem behavior : self injuries behavior, aggressive behavior, destruct behavior can be controlled / eliminated ü for staff training & staff management in the field of developmental disability

v Mental Illnes ü Some of the earliest research - its effectiveness in helping people with mental illness in institutional setting ü Has been used with patients with chronic mental illnes modify daily living skills, aggressive behavior, social behavior, treatment compliance, work skills ü One particular important contribution of behavior modification (until now) the development of a procedure for institutional patients called “token economy”

v Education and special education ü improved teaching methods, developed procedures for reducing problem behaviors in the classroom ü In higher education improve instructional techniques, increase student learning ü In special education with developmental disabilities develop teaching methods, controlling problem behavior in the classroom, improving social behaviors, functional skills, promoting self management, training teachers

v Rehabilitation ü Process of helping people regain normal function after an injury or trauma (ex : head injury from an accident, brain damage from a stroke) • • • To promote compliance with rehabilitation routines (ex: physical therapy) To teach a new skill that can replace skills lost through the injury To decrease problem behaviors To help manage chronic pain To improve memory performance

v Community Psychology ü Are designed to influence the behavior of large numbers of people in ways that benefit everybody ü Targets reducing littering, increasing recycling, reducing energy consumption, reducing unsafe driving, reducing illegal drug use, increasing the use of seat belts, decreasing illegal parking in spaces for disabled, reducing speeding

v Clinical Psychology ü Behavior therapy ü Applied to the treatment of a wide range of human problem / to help people with personal problem by psychologist, to train clinical psychologist ü Involves individual or group therapy v Sport Psychology ü To improve athletic performance in a wide variety of sport during practice and in competition

v Business, Industry and Human Services ü Organizational behavior modification, organizational behavior management ü To improve work performance & job safety, to decrease tardiness, absenteeism & accident on the job ü To improve supervisor`s performance Increased productivity & profits for organization Increased job satisfaction for worker

v Self Management ü To manage their own behavior ü To control personal habits, health-related behavior, proffesional behavior, personal problem v Child Management ü To manage child behavior ü Parents & teachers can learn to help children overcome bed wetting, nail biting, temper tantrums, noncompliance, aggressive behavior, bad manners, stuttering,

v Prevention ü To preventing problems in childhood Preventing child sexual abuse, child abduction, accidents in the home, child abuse & neglect, sexual transmitted disease ü Preventing problems in the community with behavior modification is one aspect of community psychology

v Health Related Behavior ü Health behavior, behavioral medicine ü To promote health related behaviors by increasing healthy lifestyle behaviors (exercise, proper nutrition) & decreasing unhealthy behaviors (smoking, drinking, overeating) ü To promote behaviors that have a positive influence on physical or medical problems – ex : headaches, high blood pressure, gastrointestical disturbance ü To increase compliance with medical regimens

v Gerontology ü Applied in nursing homes & other care facilities to help manage the behavior of older adults • To help older deal with their declining physical abilities, • To help them adjust to nursing home environments, • To promote health related behaviors & appropriate social interaction, • To decrease problem behaviors that may arise from Alzheimer`s disease / other types of dementia

Behavior Modification with Culturally Diverse Individuals Behavior modifiers pay more attention to: race, gender, ethinicity, and sexual orientation as variables that can influence the effectiveness of treatment Sensitive to the dangers of over generalizing about any particular cultural group