Area Wide Management August 2017 Penny Measham penny
- Slides: 50
Area Wide Management August 2017 Penny Measham penny. measham@horticulture. com. au
Long term solution
Long term goals • Suppress fly populations • Eradicate flies in some regions • Maintain pest free areas of production
Should we be concerned? On-farm risks • • Yield loss Supply chain confidence Control costs Biosecurity/trade Off-farm risks • • Production loss Lifestyle/amenity Control costs Regional development Source: 2014/15 Australian Horticulture Statistics Handbook
Barriers • It’s too cold – it won’t survive here • Qfly is not a temperate region pest • Low host status (a host is a host…. )
Area Wide Management Commercial producers and backyard gardeners; Clean (and marketable) fruit
IPM - Bloem 2017
AWM - Bloem 2017
Area wide management DEFINITION - systematic pest control uniformly applied to the total population of a key pest in a clearly defined geographical area to predetermined levels using biologically based criteria (Bloem 2017) DEFINITION – management of a pest across a well defined area, using a suite of available tools, targeting all pest habitats and requiring coordination and cooperation On-farm and off-farm
Key characteristics • Monitoring • Knowledge of pest • Defined area • Total population (hosts and habitats) • Multiple stakeholders • Proactive • Reducing Re-entry Can these be applied to management of an area?
Key characteristics • Monitoring – early detection • Know your pest – ID? • Protected defined area • Hosts and habitats – where could it be? • Multiple stakeholders – who? • Proactive – before there’s a problem • Reducing Re-entry, or preventing entry Be prepared – eradicate?
Management Options On-farm and off-farm; Monitoring - traps Bait sprays MAT Hygiene SIT* Costs………
Monitoring • Requirement • Evidence of absence • Monitoring population trends over time • Monitoring and Evaluation of management • Generally male traps • pheromone based • Qfly; Cue. Lure (attractant) • Trap placement Source: Prevent Fruit Fly, Bugsfor. Bugs and Bio. Trap
MAT – male annihilation technique • Attract (Cue. Lure) and Kill • Male flies • Higher density • Replacement • Best over large areas • With female treatment (Trapping Network Integrity) Source: Bugsfor. Bugs and Daley’s Fruit
Bait sprays • Protein (and insecticide) • Protein required for development • Start early • Before fruit is susceptible • Regular application • rainfall • Apply canopy/trunk • Where flies will be Source: Bugsfor. Bugs
Hygiene • Remove all fruit post harvest • Fallen fruit* • Confidence? Vargus 2015
Eradication programs - worldwide Suckling 2017
Emerging pest Limited knowledge of Qfly Uncertainty Chemical use, market access negotiations Regulatory environment OH&S Challenges Identifying fruit damage Current practices Marginal cost of Qfly on-farm management Variability Regions, climates, orchards and growers Once signs of infestation are found it is often too late 18 |
Population modelling Ecology and behaviour of Qfly (reproduction, mortality, movement), Host data (seasonality, quality, distribution) complex landscapes
frequency Feasibility tive c effe frequency log 10 (population density per patch [1/m²]) n e ctiv ffe ot e
Prevention Community engagement Fairness Complexity Compatibility AWM Observability of AWM outcomes Relative advantage of AWM
Benefits and challenges Benefits of AWM Prevents major outbreaks Underpins market access Reduces chemical use Allows pooling of resources Long-term solution for a region Allows use of new technology (SIT) Challenges of AWM High level of cooperation required Managing relationships Management intensive Area bound Community engagement
Take home messages • Know your pest • Know your land • Know your neighbours • Work together*
The ‘Adaptive Area wide management of Qfly using SIT’ project is being delivered by Hort Innovation – with support from the Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources as part of its Rural R&D for Profit program, and CSIRO
SIT Research in Australia • Male-only fly releases • Optimised • production practices • fly • logistics • Incorporation into AWM • Quality control • Trapping • Understanding best release opportunities
The Sterile Insect Technique as part of an Area. Wide Integrated Pest Management system to control Q-fly Dr. Polychronis Rempoulakis Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia polychronis. rempoulakis@mq. edu. au 26 Co - funded by the federal government through Horticulture Innovation Australia
Overview • SIT principles-history • The Q-fly case • Advances towards SIT applicastion 27 Co - funded by the federal government through Horticulture Innovation Australia
Control methodologies for insect pests and vectors • Physico-chemical ( colour traps, cover and baited sprayings, baited traps, pheromones, parapheromones ) • Biological (predators, parasitoids, sterile males) 28
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Sterile Insect Technique Gamma Radiation Sterile Wild No Offspring (BIRTH CONTROL) 30 Co - funded by the federal government through Horticulture Innovation Australia
Life cycle (Natural) 31
Egg collection Adult cage Incubation Pupae Seeding in larval diet Pupa collection Irradiation Emergencematuration Release
Hermann J. Muller (1890 -1967) 1926 X-ray mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster Reymond C. Bushland (1910 -1995) Edward F. Knipling (1909 -2000) 1950’s Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) eradication 33
Screwworm fly SIT application 34 34
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Olive fly Ant et al. 2012 Medfly Leftwich et al. 2014 38
Strategic Options of Insect Pest Control (AW-IPM) • Suppression: Reducing insecticide use and crop losses, and facilitation of sustainable agriculture • Containment: Avoiding the spread of an insect pests • Eradication: Developing areas free of major disease vectors or facilitation of international trade • Prevention: Avoiding establishment of invasive exotic pests
Bactrocera tryoni Queensland fruit fly or Q-fly • Australia’s worst horticultural insect pest • More than 245 host plants from 45 families • Serious economical damages to agriculture ($ 28. 5 M/year) • Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) can be an effective control strategy 40
2017 Dominiak and Mapson 2017
EMAI facility 1996 42
What we do now to improve SIT in a AW-IPM context? • • • Behaviour (mating , foraging) Dispersal-orientation Irradiation optimization(X-rays) Artificial diets New sexing strains QC protocols Transportation Marking-identification Releases- recaptures Predators SIT simulations in enclosed orchards 43
Fluorescent dyes LIGHT Department of Biological Sciences UV 44
Fluorescent dyes LIGHT Department of Biological Sciences UV 45
Vienna 8 -Sergeant 3 abdominal bands 2 abdominal bands Nyiazi et al. 2005. Vienna 8 -SG Scolari et al. 2008. Rempoulakis et al. 2012. Rempoulakis et al. 2016. Vienna 8 -1260 DSR
Stable Isotopes 47
(Integrated Pest Management, IPM) Multidimensional approach against fruit flies Natural tolerance of crops Insecticides Cultivation practices SIT Biological control Insectivores Pathogens Behavior modifiers Attractants Repellants
The Partners Insert text or DELETE 49 Co - funded by the federal government through Horticulture Innovation Australia
Thank you! Email: polychronis. rempoulakis@mq. edu. au 50 Co - funded by the federal government through Horticulture Innovation Australia
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