Architecture Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls

Architecture

Stone Age Paleolithic Hall of the Bulls Lascaux Cave, Central France c. 15, 000 BCE Black Cow and Horses Lascaux Cave painting, Central France BCE c. 15, 000 Note : The following demonstrates how established dates are designated today vs. how they have been shown in the past : Before BC = Before Christ AD = Anno Domini (year of our lord) Now BCE = Before Common Era CE = Common Era

Ancient Architecture Round Tower [of Jericho] Tel-el-Sultan c. 7000 BCE (Neolithic) Brick & Stone

Sumerian Architecture Ziggurat at Ur (Third Dynasty) Sumerian c. 2100 BCE Sun-dried Brick

Egyptian Old Kingdom (EOK) Architecture Stone Quarry for Pyramids Great Pyramids At Giza (Cheops, Chefren, Mycerinus) (EOK) c. 2570 -2500 BCE

Egyptian Old Kingdom (EOK) Archtiecture Pyramid entrance tunnel Cross section of Pyramid tunnels and chambers

Mayan Architecture El Castillo Chichén Itza, Mexico 9 th-10 th Century CE Stone Mayan Temple of the Giant Jaguar (Temple I) Tikal, El Péten, Guatemala c. 700 CE

Egyptian New Kingdom (ENK) Architecture Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut Architect Imhotep Dier - El - Bahri, Thebes (ENK), Beginning of the XVIIIth Dynasty c. 1480 BCE

Neolithic Architecture Type of construction? Stonehenge Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England c. 1800 - 1400 BCE

Neolithic Architecture Type of construction? Post and Lintel construction Stonehenge Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England c. 1800 - 1400 BCE

Minoan Architecture Palace Floor Plan Palace at Knossos Crete, Minoan courtyard c. 1600 BC

Minoan Art and Architecture Queen’s Bedroom in the Late Minoan Palace at Knossos c. 1500 BC

Minoan Art and Architecture The Queen’s parlour Palace at Knossos, Crete

Proportion Classical Greek design principle The Golden Rectangle A Root 5 Rectangle (based on the Golden Mean Length = √ 5 x height ) The Golden Mean B C

Greece Classical Art Sculptural model of the Goddess Athena of the Parthenon Floor Plan The Parthenon on the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Iktinos and Kalli. Krates (Architects) 448 - 432 BCE

Greece Classical Architectural Column Designs Doric (origin : Greek mainland) Ionic (origin : Asia Minor) Corinthian (origin : Corinth, Greece )

Early Roman Empire Architecture Roman Aqueduct Pont Du Gard, Nimes, France Brick and Stone c. 14 CE 900’ in length x 160’ in height

Early Roman Empire Architecture Collosseum Rome Concrete c. 80 CE All three orders of Greek Architecture are used here. Third level : Corinthian Second Level : Ionic First Level : Doric

Early Roman Empire Architecture Pantheon Rome Early Empire 117 -125 CE Brick and concrete 15 -18 similar

Early Roman Empire Architecture Under the Portico of the Pantheon Rome 117 -125 CE

Early Roman Empire Architecture The Pantheon Rome Early Empire 117 -125 CE Concrete coffered ceiling w/ oculus 15 -19

Construction Designs

Romanesque Architecture • Cathedrals Floor Plan St. Etienne Cathedral interior Vignory, France 1050 -1057 CE St. Sernin Cathedral Toulouse, France 15 -27 1080 -1210 CE

Gothic Architecture Notre Dame Facade Notre Dame Floor Plan Apse Flying Buttresses Notre Dame Cathedral (Apse) Detail Paris, France 1163 - 1250 CE

Gothic Architecture • Cathedrals Ribbed Vaulted Ceiling (Example) Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France Begun 1220 CE

Islamic Architeture Great Mosque (interior) Cordoba, Spain 784 - 988 CE Mosque : from the Arab word masjad meaning ‘a place of kneeling’ Great Mosque dome

Buddhist Architecture Buddhist Stupa Sanchi, India

The Renaissance in Italy The High Renaissance House Proscenium of the Teatro Olimpico Vicenza, Italy c. 1560 The Rotunda Vicenza, Italy c. 1550 Pilladio

Late 19 th & early 20 th Century Architecture Louis Sullivan Carson Pirie Scott Building Chicago, IL 1890 - 1904 Steel Structure Art Nouveau Decorative Details in wrought-iron above entrance and elsewhere

The Renaissance in Italy The High Renaissance House Proscenium of the Teatro Olimpico Vicenza, Italy c. 1560 The Rotunda Vicenza, Italy c. 1550 Pilladio

Traditional Japanese Architecture Katsura Palace Kyoto, Japan c. 1615 - 1663

Late 19 th & early 20 th Century Architecture Frank Lloyd Wright 1867 - 1959 The Robie House Chicago, IL Falling Water Bear Run. PA 1936 - 39 1907 - 09 17 - 14

Art Nouveau Architecture Antonio Gaudi 1852 - 1926 Casa Mila Barcelona, Spain 1906 - 1910

Art Nouveau Architecture Antonio Gaudi Park Guell Barcelona, Spain

Architecture Antonio Gaudi Casa Battlo Barcelona, Spain 1904 - 1906

Modern Architecture - International Style Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Seagram Building NYC 1954 -58

20 th Century Architecture Prefab design and structure The Building Truss Buckminster Fuller Geodesic Dome Structure c 1950

Architecture Geodesic Urban Dome of the future Buckminster Fuller Stamp Geodesic Biosphere Montreal World’s Fair of 1967 Geodesic Sphere Epcot Center Orlando, FL

21 st Century Architecture Murphy & Mackey, architects Climatron Missouri Botanical Garden Geodesic structure + Dale Chihuly blown glass sculpture

20 th Century Architecture Notre Dame du Haut Ronchamp, France 1955 Le Corbusier Villa Savoie Poissy, France 1929

20 th Century Architecture Joern Utzon Opera House Sydney, Australia 1959 -72

20 th Century Architecture Suspension and Tensile Construction Frei Otto Olympic Village Tent Structures Munich, Germany 1972

Contemporary Architecture Walt Disney Concert Hall Los Angelos, CA Frank 2003 Gehry

Contemporary Architecture Frank Gehry Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Spain 1997 Corcoran Gallery proposal (model) Washington, DC Model made of Gatorboard, basswood, silver paper, Plexiglas, and acetate 30” x 41” x 72”

End of Chapter 2