ARCHITECTURAL STYLES of SaintPetersburg Part I The word

ARCHITECTURAL STYLES of Saint-Petersburg Part I

The word baroque can simply mean that something is "elaborate", with many details. Baroque architecture certainly was extravagant (buildings with complex shapes, extravagant ornaments, opulent paintings, and bold contrasts)

18 CENTURY BAROQUE Petrine Baroque Rastrelliesque

v Petrine Baroque is a name applied by art historians to a style of Baroque architecture and decoration favoured by Peter the Great and employed to design buildings in the newly-founded Russian capital, Saint Petersburg, under this monarch and his immediate successors.

v the Petrine Baroque represented a drastic rupture with Byzantine traditions that had dominated Russian architecture for almost a millennium. Its chief practitioners – Domenico Trezzini, Andreas Schlüter, and Mikhail Zemtsov – drew inspiration from a rather modest Dutch, Danish, and Swedish architecture of the time.

Petrine Barique got the specific Russian features: simplicity, humility, functionality. Extant examples of the style in St Petersburg are the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the Twelve Colleges, the Kunstkamera, Kikin Hall and Menshikov Palace and many others.

RUSSIAN EARLY BAROQUE STYLE FEATURES: 1. 4 -th pitched roofs 2. Windows which are divided into many parts 3. Two-tone color of facades 4. Using of modest decorative elements ( pilasters, scrolls, projections) 5. Symmetry of the buildings

v The Kikin Hall (Кикины палаты) is one of the oldest buildings in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The diminutive residence was commissioned by Alexander Kikin in 1714. The name of the architect is unknown, but similarities to the old Peterhof palace abound, suggesting an attribution to Andreas Schlüter.

v The palace was incomplete at the time of Kikin's disgrace and execution in 1718. The building was confiscated by the crown and housed the royal library and the cabinet of curiosities of the Academy of Sciences (later transferred to the Kunstkammer Building).

THE KUNSTKAMMER

THE KUNSTKAMMER The word Kunstkammer comes from the German words Kunst meaning “art” and Kammer meaning “a chamber” or “a room”. The building of the Kunstkammer is one of a few survived monuments of the Russian Baroque.

Its construction started in 1718 by the architects Georg Maternovi, Nikolay Gerbel, Gaetano Quiaveri and was completed by Mikhail Zemtsov in 1734.

The façade of the building is divided into three parts and the parts are linked by a multi-tiered tower. The upper part of the building was destroyed by fire in 1747 and restored between 1948 and 1949. The building was returned to its original appearance.

The private collections of Peter the Great were exhibited in this building. There were a lot of kinds of rare stones, exotic animals, Buddhist idols and anatomical preparations.

v Peter I liked to travel abroad and round Russia and often brought back different exotic things. He kept those things in his Summer Palace. The collection grew very quickly, because not only Peter I brought such things and he ordered his people to bring different rarities from everywhere.

Peter I started a museum for his collection in the Kikin’s Mansion. But this building was far away from the centre of the city. So Tsar decided to build a new building for his museum in Vasilievsky Island.

Until the late 18 th century this building was the seat of the Academy of Science. Mikhail Lomonosov was the founder of the Academy.

From 1741 to 1765, the great Russian scientist worked there. The museum of Mikhail Lomonosov is located there and consist of following sections: - The life and Scientific Activity of Lomonosov - Lomonosov and 18 th century Russian Astronomy - The Great Academic Globe

This building housed the country’s first public library and observatory of the Academy of Sciences. In 1836, on the base of the Kuntskammer collection several Academic museums were created.

In 1878 the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography was formed. Its collections are dedicated to everyday life and culture of people of the world.

v Andreas Schlüter (20 May 1664 – May 1714) was a German baroque sculptor and architect associated with the Petrine Baroque style of architecture and decoration.

v Rococo: In Germany, Austria, Eastern Europe, and Russia, Baroque ideas were often applied with a lighter touch. Pale colors and curving shell shapes gave buildings the delicate appearance of a frosted cake. The term Rococo was used to describe these softer versions of the Baroque style. Learn about Rococo Architecture

v Rococo buildings tend to be softer and more graceful. Colors are pale and curving shapes dominate. v Features of Rococo Architecture include: v Elaborate curves and scrolls v Ornaments shaped like shells and plants v Intricate patterns v Delicate details v Complex, asymmetrical shapes v Light, pastel colors