Architectural Drawing History and Planning Architectural history in

Architectural Drawing History and Planning

Architectural history in house construction. Why are historical trends important and how do they influence the way we build?

Where did settlers come from? Building Materials: England Wood (#1) Spain Stone France Brick Germany Glass (hand-made) Historical Influence Harsh Environment Land Clearing Req. Native Inhabitants Environmental Considerations: Hand Tools Human/Animal Power Technology:

Historical House Styles English styling: Before 18 th Century, Tudor style or Elizabethan. Stone, brick or stucco- often ½ timbered, steep roof, diamond windows. Georgian styling: Early 1700 s, Formal & symmetrical. Front doors are pedimented, hip roof Regency styling: Late 1700 s, Like Georgian, but finer details. Often brick, painted white or yellow with hip roof. Wall extensions/ copper bay or porch roof with wrought iron.

New England Colonial (salt box) styling: Symmetrical like Georgian- mostly wood, steep rear roof to shed snow. Garrison styling: 1 st break in style- 2 nd floor overhangs 1 st floor to aid in fighting off Indian raids. Cape Cod styling: Small gable roofed house, central chimney, roof slopes to top of 1 st floor- usually symmetrical. Southern Colonial styling: 2 -story high porches to shade windows for cooling.

Dutch Colonial styling: Gambrel roof gives a full 2 nd story, mostly stone. French Colonial styling: New Orleans- Plastered faces- pink, yellow, green. Fancy balcony iron scroll work. Spanish styling: Appearance of adobe walls, tiled roof, usually enclosed patio. Ceilings with exposed timbers.

Ranch styling: “Form Follows Function” single story, rambling, open look Split Level styling: ½ flights of steps through entire house. Split side-to-side, front-to-back. Modern styling: Geometric, flat roof, every element should have a purpose- nothing useless

Current Practices How are houses constructed today and how have they changed over the past few decades?

House Designs: Foundation Materials: Vary among many styles Block/Slab Concrete Lots of angles Pre-Cast (trucked to site) Less attention to details Environmental Considerations: Framing and Finishing: Lumber #1 Water/Waste Run-off Energy Use Current Practices Composites/ Laminates Steel Studding Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning (HVAC) and Mechanical Considerations: Heating sources (gas, oil, wood, coal, electric, alternates) Electrical Requirements- plan for the future Thermal & Ventilation Considerations (insulation, venting, landscape)

Vocabulary Habitation- Housing that someone is living in. Any structure for living. Home Economy- Planning a house for flow and use. Framing- Building technique. Structural members of a home Foundation- Supporting structure for a building. HVAC- Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Solar/Wind Effects- Solar and wind on a home can effect heating and air conditioning costs. Good planning can use these effects.

Future Planning How can we plan and predict future construction trends?

Environmental Considerations: Available Materials/Technology: Global Warming Wood- Less Woodland, Higher Costs Intense Weather Polymers/Composites Ice Melting Concrete/Steel Glass/Ceramics Smart Houses Homes of the Future 2000 - 6. 1 billion people 2050 8. 9 billion people 47% increase Changing Economies Financial Concerns Population Centers Population: Economy: