Archaebacteria By Emilie and Dylan Characteristics of Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria By Emilie and Dylan

Characteristics of Archaebacteria ★ Single celled prokaryotes ★ Rotate flagella to move ★ Extremophiles

Types of Archaebacteria ★ Crenarchaeota: Hyperthermophiles and thermoacidophiles ★ Euryarchaeota: Halophiles and methanogens ★ Korarchaeota: Most ancient strain of archaea, thermophilic

Binary Fission Asexual reproduction used by prokaryotes and single celled eukaryotes. ★ Cells replicate DNA, and it moves to opposite sides of the cell ★ Cell membrane pinches in-between them, and a cell wall forms ★ Results in two identical daughter cells, except in cases where mutations occur

Where do archaebacteria live? Everywhere! Archaebacteria can live in almost any habitat, including extreme temperatures and conditions. They could make up almost 20% of Earth’s biomass.

Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria ★ Archaebacteria live primarily in extreme environments -Most eubacteria live in moderate environments ★ Archaebacteria do not use photosynthesis ★ Archaebacteria don’t produce spores

Effects of Archaebacteria ★ Recycle carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in the environment ★ Play important role in ammonia oxidation of both soil and the ocean ★ Primary source of methane emission/atmospheric methane

Methanopyrus kandleri Phylum: Euryarchaeota Characteristics: Class: Methanopyri Eats hydrogen and carbon Order: Methanopyrales dioxide, produces methane, Family: Methanopyraceae grows in deep ocean, normal Genus: Methanopyrus distribution, grows in extreme Species: kandleri temperatures Fun Facts! ★ It was discovered in the Gulf of California ★ It is the most temperature resistant methanogen, growing in temperatures up to 110 degrees celsius.

Haloquadratum walsbyi Phylum: Euryarchaeota Characteristics: Class: Halobacteria Autotrophic, grows in Order: Halobacteriales ocean/hypersaline water, Family: Halobacteriaceae large population Genus: Haloquadratum Species: walsbyi Fun Facts! ★ H. walsbyi was the first species to be discovered in the genus haloquadratum ★ It is also one of very few species with flat, square cells, which are very unusual

Methanococcus jannaschii Phylum: Euryarchaeota Characteristics: Class: Methanococci Autotrophic, produces Order: Methanococcales methane, grows in ocean, Family: Methanocaldococcaceaenormal distribution, grows Genus: Methanocaldococcus in mediate temperatures Species: jannaschii Fun Facts! ★ It was the first archaeon to have its complete genome sequenced. ★ It was isolated from a submarine hydrothermal vent at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Ferroplasma acidiphilum Phylum: Euryarchaeota Characteristics: Class: Thermoplasmata Autotrophic, lives in highly Order: Thermoplasmatales acidic and metal-heavy Family: Ferroplasma habitats, extracts energy from Genus: Ferroplasma iron and leaves rust Species: acidiphilum Fun Facts! ★ It is the only species in the genus Ferroplasma ★ F. acidophilum is generally found in acidic mine tailings

Thermoplasma volcanium Phylum: Euryarchaeota Characteristics: Class: Thermoplasmata Eats organisms that don’t Order: Thermoplasmatales survive in the habitat it lives Family: Thermoplasmataceae in, thermophilic and Genus: Thermoplasma acidophilic, can be aerobic or Species: volcanium anaerobic Fun Facts! ★ It can be found in mud pools near volcanoes and in volcanic steam vents ★ Thought to be original host cell of the endosymbiosis theory.

Review Questions 1. What are three types of Archaebacteria? 1. What is one characteristic of Archaebacteria? 1. What is binary fission? 2. What is one way the Earth would be affected if Archaebacteria ceased to exist? 3. Where do Archaebacteria live?

Answers 1. Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Korarchaeota 2. Single celled prokaryotes, extremophiles 3. Asexual reproduction used by prokaryotes and single celled eukaryotes. 4. Less global warming, nitrogen imbalances, plant and animal extinction

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