Arc Hydro GIS for Water Resources David R

Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources David R. Maidment, University of Texas at Austin • Why should the Corps of Engineers be interested in Arc Hydro? – Watershed planning – Reservoir operations – Flood damage reduction – Ecosystem restoration

Hydrologic Information System Hydrologic Modeling Arc Hydro Geodatabase

1996 Texas Drought • George W. Bush, (then Governor of Texas) asked: “Tell me how much water we have, how much water we’re using and how much water we need” • State water officials did not have adequate answers

Texas Water Planning • 1997 Texas Legislature passed Senate Bill 1 which provided for – State-wide geospatial data development (topography, hydrography, land use, soils and orthophotos) – Water planning in 14 regions rather than statewide – Assessment of water availability for all water permits

Hydrologic Cataloging Units (HUCS) Guadalupe Basin (4 HUC’s) • 2015 HUC’s cover continental US • average area ~ 1 county Hydrologic Unit Code = 12100203

Water Availability in the Guadalupe Basin Stream Gauge (14) Water Diversion (440) Estimate water availability at each legally permitted water diversion point based on “naturalized” flow at stream gages and the effects of other permitted diversions

Digital Elevation Model San Marcos basin National Elevation Dataset 30 m x 30 m cells 11, 000 cells to cover San Marcos basin 70, 000 cells to cover Guadalupe basin

Drainage Area Delineated from the Digital Elevation Model Arc Hydro attribute Drain. Area

Estimating Naturalized Flow at Diversion Points Qf Af Naturalized flow record at stream gage (50 years of monthly flows) Qd Estimated flow record at diversion point Ad Qd = Qf Ad Af

Length Downstream Flow distance (D to F) = Length Downstream (D) – Length Downstream (F) F D D Seepage losses Length Downstream (D) F Arc Hydro attribute Length. Down

Water Availability Modeling 50 year series of naturalized monthly flows at stream gages Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) Hydrologic Modeling GIS data for each diversion point Letter to each water permit owner specifying % of permitted flow available during a drought Completed for ~ 10, 000 water permit holders, 1998 -2002

Water Availability Assessment (completed for ~ 10, 000 permit holders, 1998 -2001) Hydrologic modeling by engineering consultants Geospatial data development by Center for Research in Water Resources, Univ. of Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission Letter to each water permit owner specifying % of permitted flow available during a drought

Accomplishments • Arc Hydro data model design completed and published on web (http: //www. crwr. utexas. edu/giswr) • Arc Hydro book in production at ESRI Press • Arc Hydro toolset v. 1. 0 in beta testing

CD-ROM at back of book Arc Hydro UML diagrams, Repository, Example Geodatabases, Toolset, Tutorials

Arc Hydro Toolset Ver 1. 0 Provides tools for processing raster and vector data and populating the attributes of the Arc Hydro data model

CRWR GIS in Water Resources Consortium GIS Water Resources Bringing together these two communities by using a common geospatial data model http: //www. crwr. utexas. edu/giswr

Arc. GIS Hydro Data Model Drainage System Hydro Network Flow Time Series Hydro Features Channel System

Arc. GIS Hydro Data Model Hydrography Hydrology

Streams Drainage Areas Hydrography Channels Terrain Surfaces Rainfall Response Digital Orthophotos Data Model Based on Inventory

Data Model Based on Behavior Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.

Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement

Arc Hydro Framework Input Data Watersheds Waterbody Streams Hydro. Points

Arc Hydro Framework

Arc Hydro Framework Dataset for the Guadalupe Basin

Hydro. Network through Canyon Lake Flowlines through water body Generic Junction (for topological connection of edges)

Hydro. Junction has Waterbody Relationship

Scales of representation of Drainage Systems Basins – drainage areas for water resources management Watersheds – subdivision of Basin for a particular hydrologic purpose Catchments – subdivision of Basin into elementary drainage areas by physical rules Digital Elevation Model – land surface terrain grid cells

Watersheds of the Guadalupe Basin Guadalupe Hydro. Network TNRCC water availability points (water supply) NWS forecast Watersheds (flooding) EPA TMDL Segments (water quality)

Catchments, Drainage. Lines and Drainage. Points

EDNA – Elevation Derivatives for National Application http: //edcw 2 ks 22. cr. usgs. gov/website/edna/viewer. htm

Catchments Subdivided at Watershed Outlet

Regional Analysis Hydro. Network to provide connectivity of flow through large regions Digital elevation model for terrain analysis within basins

Michael Schultz NWS River Forecast Center Fort Worth, Texas 1998 Guadalupe Flood

Cross-Sections developed using HEC-Geo. RAS and National Elevation Dataset

Hydrologic simulation Using NWS Fldwav model

Guadalupe Network Study area only 1. 4 km!

Study Area (Guadalupe river near Seguin, TX) 1/2 meter Digital Ortho Photography

Boat setup for data collection

Accoustic Doppler Current Profiler Provides full profiles of water velocity and direction in the ocean, rivers, and lakes. Also used for discharge, scour and river bed topography.

Depth Sounder (Echo Sounder) The electronic depth sounder operates in a similar way to radar It sends out an electronic pulse which echoes back from the bed. The echo is timed electronically and transposed into a reading of the depth of water.

Differential GPS: Bank to Boat GPS gives the location of each point collected in terms of latitude and longitude. Two locations for differential GPS.

Channel Data Each point has (x, y, z)

Interpolation Points are interpolated in Arc. Map to produce a continuous surface.

Fish. Net (2 D) Fish. Net is generated in Arc. Map using Fish. Net tool in Arc. GIS.

3 D Visualization in Arc. Scene

Centerline Define the centerline such that it joins the center of flow (area) at each cross section.

Measure in Arc. GIS Measures are assigned in meters 0 A Polyline. M can store m-values at each vertex along with x and y coordinates. 54. 37 154. 41 281. 36

Coordinate Transformation m is measure along the centerline r is distance across the river from the centerline Sinuous river becomes straight when transformed into (m, r) co-ordinates.

Coordinate Transformation Straightened river Profile line and cross-sections Sinuous river

Straightened River in 3 D

Data back to x, y coordinates Original river in X, Y Profile lines and cross-sections in (x, y) created using Fish. Net in (m, r).

Profile Lines and Cross Sections in 3 D Bird’s eye view!

National Water Information System Web access to USGS water resources data in real time

Streamflow Information in Space and Time Current Future Possibilities Time Real Time data Historical daily mean discharge Streamstats Streamflow statistics At Gages Space Anywhere on a Stream

Arc Hydro Time Series Object TSDate. Time TSValue Feature. ID TSType

View 1: Time Series for a Spatial Feature TSDate. Time 101 TSType Feature. ID

View 2: Time Series of a Particular Type TSDate. Time Feature. ID Evaporation TSType

View 3: Time Series of a Particular Type for a Single Feature TSDate. Time Feature. ID Evaporation TSType

HRAP Cells for Nexrad Data Average area = 14. 5 km 2

Water Balance in the Landscape Precipitation Atmospheric Water Evaporation Runoff Soil Water Surface Water Recharge Baseflow Groundwater

National Hydro Data Programs http: //www. crwr. utexas. edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro. html National Elevation Dataset (NED) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Elevation Derivatives for National Application (EDNA) Watershed Boundary Dataset

EDNA Catchments Average area = 7. 5 km 2

Modflow Groundwater Cells Modflow Model of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer Average area = 2. 6 km 2

Intersection of Nexrad and Catchments Surface Water Balance Atmospheric Water Soil Water Surface Water

Intersection of Nexrad and Modflow Cells Atmospheric Water Groundwater Balance Groundwater

Intersection of Nexrad, Catchments and Modflow Atmospheric Water Soil Water Surface Water Groundwater

Coupling Spatial and Temporal Data 1 hour Nexard Rainfall on the Guadalupe Basin October 13, 2001

Arc Hydro and Modeling • Intrinsic Modeling – within a particular application eg Excel, Arc. GIS • Dynamic Linked Library – tightly coupled package of functions (e. g. Lib. Hydro from HEC) • Independent Modeling – separate hydrologic model with data exchange

Dynamic Linked Library Can have Fortran subroutines in a DLL Muskingum flow routing

Independent Hydrologic Model VB progam reads and writes text files

Interfaces to Arc Hydro Data and Models Ex S I rc. G cel A Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making Arc Hydro Geodatabase Vis ual Ba sic se a b ta a l D s) a on cces i t la (A e R

Other Arc Hydro Implementations • USGS – Stream Stats • HEC – Geo. RAS – Geo. HMS Streamstats

Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources David R. Maidment, University of Texas at Austin • Why should the Corps of Engineers be interested in Arc Hydro? – Watershed planning – Reservoir operations – Flood damage reduction – Ecosystem restoration