ARABIC LANGUAGE 1 WORDS AND ITS TYPES DR

ARABIC LANGUAGE 1 ﺍﻠﻠﻐﺔﺎﻠﻌﺮﺒﻳﺔ WORDS AND ITS TYPES DR MUHAMMAD S ANWAR

INTRODUCTION • Check your intention • Be serious about learning any science for the sake of Allaah • Be punctual • Take notes • Come prepared • Do home work without failing • Missing two lessons in a row without excuse will lead to disqualification from lesson

SCIENCES IN ARABIC LANGUAGE 1. Grammar - ﺍﻟ ﻭ 7. Pronunciation - ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ 2. Formulation – ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ 8. Metrics or Prosody – ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺽ 1. Morphology – ﺍﻟ ﻑ 2. Etymology - ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ 8. Rhyme – ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﻲ 3. Writing - ﺍﻟ ﻡ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻹﻻﺀ 9. Writing Poetry - ﺍﻟ ﺭ 4. Arabic Rhetoric - ﺍﻻﺓ 1. Meanings – ﺍﻟﻋﺎﻧﻲ 11. Public Speech and Oration – ﺍﻟﻃﺎﺓ 2. Science which deals which metaphorical language – ﺍﻟﻳﻠﻦ 12. Literary History - ﺗﺎﺭﻳ ﺍﻟﻸﺏ 3. The Art of beautiful style - ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻊ 13. Core of the Arabic Language - ﻥ ﺍﻟﺓ deals with words, foundations, dictionaries, and lexicons 5. Composition – ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺀ 6. Literature - ﺍﻟﻸﺏ

TERMINOLOGY ﺣﺮﻛﺔ Diacritical mark ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ Letter having fat-hah ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ Letter with harakah ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ Letter having kasrah ﺳﻜﻮﻥ Silence/Jazm ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻡ Letter having dammah ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ Letter having sukoon ﻛﺴﺮﺓ ﻣﺸﺩ Letter having tashdeed ﺿﻤﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ To make a noun definite ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻜﻴﺮ To make a noun indefinite

TERMINOLOGY ﺗﺎﻧﻴﺚ Feminine Noun having ﺍﻞ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﻬﺠﻲ Letters of Alphabet ﻭﺍﺣﺪ Singular ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺓ ﺗﺜﻨﻴﺔ Dual ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ Letters besides ﺍ ﻭ ﻯ ﺟﻤﻊ Plural , , , ﺀ Mutahharik alif, letter hamzah ﺍﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ Collective plural ﻫﻤﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ Hamzah of joining ﺗﺬﻛﻴﺮ Masculine ﻣﻨﻥ Letter having tanween ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻞ attached to a ﻣﻌﻑ ﺑﻻﻡ noun ﺍ ﻭ ﻯ

THE WORD - ﺍﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ ● ﻟﻔ ﻣﻌﻨ ﻓ ● A word having meaning is called ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ● Three types ● ﺍﺴﻢ - noun: name of person, place, animal, or thing. It does not have any tense ● ﻓﻌﻞ - verb: action in any of the three tenses ● ﺣﺮﻒ - particle: that which does not give complete meaning without attaching to a noun or verb

ﻭﺍﺣﺪ Singular ﺗﺜﻨﻴﺔ Dual ﺟﻤﻊ Plural ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ Definite ﻧﻜﺮﺓ Indefinite ﺍﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ Types of Noun ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉ Nominative ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ Accusative ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺭ Genitive ﻣﺬﻛﺮ Masculine ﻣﻮﻧﺚ Feminine

THE DEFINITE NOUN ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻠﻤﻌﺮﻔﺔ • It refers to specific things • A noun may be made definite either: • By adding definite article before it • By being followed by the genitive case of possession • The prefix ‘ ’ﺍﻞ ﺍﻞ is the definite article. • It is equivalent to the English ‘the’. • The definite article is actually ‘ ’ﻝ only ‘ ’ﺍ is added as ‘ ’ﻫﻤﺰﺓﺎﻠﻮﺼﻞ for joining.

THE DEFINITE NOUN ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻠﻤﻌﺮﻔﺔ • Sometimes a proper noun also has tanween in which case the tanween is not regarded as indefinite ﺯﻳ , ﺧﺎﻟ , ﻣﺤ • The definite article ‘ ’ﺍﻞ is also called ﻻﻤﺘﻌﺮﻴﻒ • When ‘ ’ﺍﻞ is prefixed to any indefinite word, it becomes definite and will be termed ﻣﻌﺮﻔﺒﺎﺎﻻﻢ (a horse) becomes ( ﻟﻔ the horse) • Note the tanween falls off when ‘ ’ﺍﻞ is attached.

PARADIGM OF PRONOUN

HOME WORK • Revise the lesson on day 2 nd and 7 th. • Memorise the vocabulary & Paradigm of Pronoun. • Find out 15 nouns from Quran.