Aquatic Systems SURFACE WATER Lakes ponds rivers and
- Slides: 28
Aquatic Systems
SURFACE WATER Lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams…ALL water above ground Most urban areas rely on surface water Supply resources and allow for travel/trade GROUND WATER All freshwater comes from two sources: Water that seeps below ground Some is taken up and used by plants Large amounts found in underground rock formations called aquifers
Surface water movement: Water Cycle • Earths water supply is constantly recycled
Surface Water Movement • 1) Runoff – Water flowing down slope along Earth’s surface or seep into the ground • Run off speed determined by slope of the hill – Ends up in a stream or lake, evaporate, or accumulate into puddles
Movement • Seep into ground – Ground must have large enough pores – loose soil • Evaporate
Fate of water: Run off or Seep • Certain characteristics will determine whether not water will either seep into or become runoff • 1) Vegetation – Vegetation allows for loose soil – Loose soil allows water to enter ground – Gardeners do not pack their soil
Fate of water • 2) Rate of precipitation – Heavy: • soil clumps together closing pores • Fills up ground to quickly and water becomes runoff – Light: • allows water to gently slide through • Less erosion
Fate of Water • 3) Soil Composition – Effects the waters holding capacity – Decayed organic matter (humus) • Creates the pores in soil – Increases retain ability – Minerals • Clay – fine mineral which clump together – Few Spaces • Sand – large pores
Fate of Water • 4) Slopes – Steep: allows for high runoff & little absorption – Little: low runoff and high absorption
Formation of Stream systems • Runoff • Surface water flows in thin sheets and eventually collects in small channels • Runoff increases, channels widen and become deeper and longer • Channels fill up again each time with rain • Channel can become a stream
• Water sheds: – drainage basin – Land where all water drains into • Divide – High land area that separates watersheds
Mississippi Watershed
Floods • Water fills over the sides of a stream banks • Floodplain: broad flat area of land that extends out from streams for excess flooding
Aquatic Ecosystems Objectives: 1. Describe features of freshwater and marine ecosystems. 2. Describe threats to freshwater and marine ecosystems.
I. Freshwater Ecosystems • Organisms are grouped by location and adaptations: – Plankton – float near the surface of the water • Phytoplankton – microscopic plants • Zooplankton – microscopic animals – Nekton – free-swimming (fish, turtles, whales) – Benthos – bottom-dwellers (mussels, worms, barnacles)
A. Lakes and Ponds • Littoral zone – nutrient-rich area near shore – variety of plant and animal life • Benthic zone – Bottom of a pond or lake – Inhabited by decomposers, insect larvae, and clams • Eutrophication – – more nutrients = more plants = more decomposers using oxygen = less oxygen for other organisms – Can be caused by runoff of sewage, fertilizers, animal waste
B. Wetlands • Marshes (Ex: The Everglades) – Contain non-woody plants (reeds, rushes, cattails) • Swamps (Ex: Louisiana swamps) – Contain woody plants or water-loving trees
Functions of Wetlands • Trap sediments, nutrients, and pollutants, keeping them from lakes, reservoirs, and oceans • Buffer shorelines against erosion • Protect against flooding • Provide spawning grounds and habitats • Recreational areas (fishing, birdwatching, hiking, canoeing, photography)
Human Impact on Wetlands • Were drained and filled for farming and residential and commercial development • Pollution
C. Rivers • Swift-moving • Home to strong swimming fish and organisms with adaptations to cling to rocks • Polluted by – human sewage and garbage – runoff from the land • Drained by industries
II. Marine Ecosystems • Mainly in coastal areas and the open ocean
A. Coastal Wetlands • Coastal areas covered by salt water at least part of the time 1. Estuaries – where fresh river water and salty ocean water mix • • Constant source of fresh nutrients supplied by the river Nutrients fall to the bottom (“nutrient trap”) Provide harbors protected from open ocean – site of major ports May be used as dumping sites for sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff
Coastal Wetlands (cont. ) 2. Salt marshes – Develop in estuaries – Found along the Gulf Coast
Coastal Wetlands (cont. ) 3. Mangrove swamps – Found along the coast in tropical and subtropical zones – Dominated by mangrove trees
Coastal Wetlands (cont. ) 4. Rocky and sandy shores – Rocky shores have more plants and animals (Why? ) – Barrier islands run parallel to the shore and protect the mainland coastal wetlands.
Barrier Islands
B. Coral Reefs • Limestone ridges made of the skeletons of animals called coral polyps • Found in shallow, tropical seas with clear, warm salt water and lots of light • Disappearing coral reefs: – Damaged by oil spills, sewage, and runoff – Overfishing – Damaged by anchors, divers, shipwrecks
C. Oceans • Plankton on the ______; decomposers and filter feeders on the ____. • Threats to the ocean: – Pollution from land activities – Overfishing • Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems: – Nearly all food in the arctic ecosystem comes from the ocean; land is frozen, so plants don’t grow well.
- Alaska
- South carolina major rivers
- Why are some rivers in texas called “wrong way” rivers?
- Water and water and water water
- Transforms eroded parts of earth's surface into lakes
- Fish nursery management
- Why does kat want rue for an ally
- Terrestrial production system
- Holy spirit rivers of living water
- Lateral thinking riddle
- Coir rolls for ponds
- Piute ponds
- Pond vs lake
- Biotic or abiotic water
- Ikoros
- Aerobic ponds
- Stocking pond management
- Oxidation ponds
- Iklan ponds
- Curved surface area of cone
- Total surface area of triangle
- The formation of meanders
- How are meanders and oxbow lakes formed
- Epiphytes plants
- 6 biomes and aquatic ecosystems answers
- Chapter 3 lesson 3 biomes and aquatic ecosystems
- Aquatic vs terrestrial
- Biomes and aquatic ecosystems
- What kingdom is photosynthetic aquatic and unicellular