Aquatic Insects Water bug Video https www youtube

Aquatic Insects Water bug Video: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=67 Ziyiy. Jv_Y Source: http: //www. austincc. edu/sziser/txaqinverts/AITdistribrecords. html Source: http: //www. microscopy-uk. org. uk/index. html? http: //www. microscopy-uk. org. uk/pond/insects. html Source: https: //thedragonflywoman. com/ Source: http: //www. ento. csiro. au/education/insects/odonata. html

“BUGS” �Bugs include many invertebrates, but typically with segmented bodies, hard outer skeleton, and jointed legs �Bugs are Arthropods and include insects, spiders, mites, scorpions, millipedes, centipedes, and crustaceans �Invertebrate animals that are soft-bodied and without legs are not usually considered to be bugs. Worms belong to the phylum Annelida and slugs and snails belong to the phylum Mollusca.

General Arthropod Characteristics �Skeleton �Called the exoskeleton since it provides structure �It is made of chitin �Covered in a thin layer of wax to prevent its body from losing water �Body Parts �Insects (Arthropods) have three main body parts �Spiders (Arachnids) have two main body parts �Centipedes and Millipedes (Myriapods) have many small body divisions

Insect Characteristics �All adult insects have six legs and pair of antennae or feelers �Body parts include: �Head – Eyes, Mouthparts, and Antennae �Thorax – legs and wings if any �Abdomen – digestive and reproductive organs

Insect Life Stages � Complete Metamorphosis � Insects have four life stages: � � Egg Larvae Pupa Adult � Larvae look dramatically different than the adult insect and must go through pupal stage before it develops into an adult � Once metamorphosis is complete, it has wings, fully functional reproductive parts, and looks just like its parents � This process gives the insects a significant advantage � Since the larvae and adult are so different, they do not complete for the same food source � Complete metamorphosis occurs in 85% of known insect species � major insect groups such as beetles, wasps, bees, ants, flies, moths, and butterflies � other insect species such as fleas, alderflies, lacewings, scorpion flies, and caddisflies Dragonfly Metamorphosis Video: https: //kera. pbslearningmedia. org/resource/tdc 02. sci. life. cyc. metamorph/metamorphosi s-change-of-plans/#. WM 6_LDsr. LIU (1: 52 -3: 04)

Insect Life Stages �Incomplete Metamorphosis �Insects have three life stages: � Egg, nymph (larvae), and adult �Insect begin life as a wingless nymph that typically looks like a miniature adult �With each successive moult, the insect increases in size and looks more and more like the adult �For flying insects, the wings eventually appear after moulting �The final moult will produce full wings and be able to reproduce �The remaining 15% of insects which undergo incomplete metamorphosis include: � Silverfish, mayflies, dragonflies, damselflies, stoneflies, and true bugs

Terrestrial versus Aquatic Insects: Aquatic Insect Adaptations �Insects first evolved on land about 350 million years ago. Before they could completely adapt to aquatic environments, they had to develop different ways of respiration. �Methods: �Use of an air bubble (like a human oxygen tank) �Utilize oxygen in water via plastron or gills � Most gills membranes are only one cell thick � Allows gas exchange between water that flows over them � Capillaries connect cells in the gills so gasses can be taken in from water and passed into bloodstream of aquatic animal � Gaseous waste also passes out from gills into water environment

Terrestrial versus Aquatic Insects: Aquatic Insect Adaptations �Store oxygen in hemoglobin molecules or hemolymph �Hemoglobin absorbs more oxygen so the few insects with this ability are typically found in low oxygen environments since they are one of the few that can survive in those environments �Some insects in the Diptera Order, such as the non-biting midgefly, are able to obtain oxygen through their hemoglobin-like proteins to Image: Chironomids (Bloodworms) “breathe” in low oxygen environments

Terrestrial versus Aquatic Insects: Aquatic Insect Adaptations �Breathing tubes to get oxygen from above water surface (like a snorkel) � Internal network of tubes is called a trachea � Holes that open to outside surface are called spiracles � Oxygen diffuses directly into the trachea and oxygen exits through the spiracles � Oxygen and CO 2 do not need to be carried through a circulatory system since tracheal system pervades all parts of the insects body �Obtaining oxygen through an integument (cutaneous “skin” or plastron respiration) � Very few small animals and a few larger animals that live in moist environments use this kind of respiration � Typically able due to capillaries underneath skin that allows exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide �Example: some species in the orders Hemiptera and Coleoptera and most worms

Classification �King Phillip Came Over For Girl Scouts

Classification �Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species

Insect Classification �Domain: Eukarya �Kingdom: Animalia �Phylum: Arthropoda �Class: Insecta �Order…

Greek � “ptera” means wing �“odonto” means tooth (referring to prominent mandibles in Odonata) �“coll” means glue and “embol” means a wedge (referring to wedge-shaped structure underneath first abdominal segment in Collembola)

Aquatic Orders found in Texas � Plecoptera – 3, 497 species in world, 45 in Texas �Ephemeroptera – 3, 046 species in world, 165 in Texas �Odonata – 5, 680 species in world, 261 in Texas �Collembola – 414 species in world, 21 in Texas �Megaloptera – 328 species in world, 6 in Texas �Neuroptera – 73 species in world, 3 in Texas �Lepidoptera – 739 species in world, 16 in Texas �Hymenoptera – 150 species in world, 5 in Texas �Hemiptera – 4, 656 species in world, 192 in Texas �Coleoptera – 12, 604 species in world, 339 in Texas �Trichoptera – 12, 627 in world, 240 in Texas �Diptera – 37, 226 species in world, 817 in Texas

Order: Collembola (springtails) � 2 main body shapes: elongate and cylindrical OR more compact and spherical �Simple eyes �Forked tail-like structure on underside of abdomen �Antennae in 4 -6 segments �Mouthparts hidden Image: Springtail

Order: Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) �Long slender abdomen Image: Dragonfly nymph �Large compound eyes � 3 ocelli �Very small antennae Image: Damselfly nymph �Mandible mouthparts �Two pair of membranous wings of similar shape and size �Have gills �Complex wings venation with many cells �Damselflies hold wings vertically when at rest while dragonflies hold wings horizontally while at rest Dragonflies Video: https: //kera. pbslearningmedia. org/resource/ket 08. sci. life. oate. dragonflies/drago nflies-in-kentucky/#. WM 6 -9 Tsr. LIU

Order: Ephemeroptera (mayflies) �Average wingspan of 15 mm �Only insect with both middle and tail filament and wings �Have gills �Nymphs feed on floating organic matter or algae �Adults do not eat and are very short-lived �Predators include other insects, spiders, fish, crustaceans, birds, and frogs Image: Mayfly nymph Image: Mayfly adult

Order: Plecoptera (stoneflies) �Elongated body less than 50 mmin length �Two pairs of wings �Long cerci but lack middle tail filament �Nymphs feed on algae and plant debris, or other aquatic insects �Adults feed on lichen, algae, and rotten wood �Predators include other insects, spiders, frogs, reptiles, birds, and bats Image: Stonefly nymph

Order: Megaloptera (alderflies, fishflies, dobsonflies, hellgrammites (dobsonfly larvae)) � 2 pairs of large wings �Wingspan can vary from 20 -100 mm and have many cross veins �Adults are similar to lacewings but veins do not branch at edges �Larvae live between 1 to 5 years �Larvae eat other insects �Adults rarely eat and are short lived Image: Dobsonfly �Have gills �Predators include spiders, frogs, and tortoises

Order: Megaloptera (alderflies, fishflies, dobsonflies, hellgrammites (dobsonfly larvae)) Image: Hellgramite (larvae of dobsonfly) Image: Hellgramite

Order: Neuroptera (lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, spongeflies/spongilla flies) �Wingspan ranges from 5 to 150 mm �Body up to 50 mm �Wings appear lace-like � 2 pair of wings of relatively equal length Image: Spongillaflies �Relatively large compound eyes �Differ from dobsonflies and alderflies by having forked veins �Differ from stoneflies and dragonflies by lacking two thin abdominal cerci (jointed appendages on tip of abdomen) �About 6, 000 species

Order: Hemiptera/Rhynchota (“true bugs” – water striders, giant water bugs, toad bugs, marsh treaders) � 50, 000 to 80, 000 species �Characterized by sucking mouthparts �Vary from 1 -110 mm �Have well-developed compound eyes � 2 -3 simple eyes and antennae �Most have two pair of wings but some are wingless �Feed on plant juices or other insects �Predators include other insects, spiders, frogs, reptiles, and birds

Order: Hemiptera/Rhynchota (“true bugs” – water striders, giant water bugs, toad bugs, marsh treaders) Image: Giant Water bug, Lethocerus medius (note respiratory tube)

Order: Hemiptera/Rhynchota (“true bugs” – water striders, giant water bugs, toad bugs, marsh treaders) Image: Toad Bug

Order: Hemiptera/Rhynchota (“true bugs” – water striders, giant water bugs, toad bugs, marsh treaders) Image: Gelastocoridae a. k. a. Toad Bug

Order: Hemiptera/Rhynchota (“true bugs” – water striders, giant water bugs, toad bugs, marsh treaders) Image: Creeping Water Bug

Order: Hemiptera/Rhynchota (“true bugs” – water striders, giant water bugs, toad bugs, marsh treaders) Image: Marsh Treader

Order: Hemiptera/Rhynchota (“true bugs” – water striders, giant water bugs, toad bugs, marsh treaders) Image: Water Scorpion

Order: Hemiptera/Rhynchota (“true bugs” – water striders, giant water bugs, toad bugs, marsh treaders) Image: Water bugs hatching

Order: Hemiptera/Rhynchota (“true bugs” – water striders, giant water bugs, toad bugs, marsh treaders) Image: Backswimmer

Order: Hymenoptera (ants and wasps) �Two pair of membranous wings although some are wingless �Forewings are larger than hindwings �Females have hardened ovipositor which may be modified for stinging �Most have constriction in the first two segments of the abdomen (known as a wasp-waist) �Usually large compound eyes �Larvae lack many of the external features above �Most are grub like with no legs

Order: Diptera (flies and mosquitos) �One pair membranous wings �Sucking mouthparts �Large compound eyes �Short simple antennae �Estimated to be 1, 000, 00 species Image: Non-biting midgefly although only about 125, 000 have been described

Order: Mecoptera (scorpionflies) �Slender with 2 pair of wings although one species is wingless �Wings have cross veins and can span 50 mm �Mouthparts are beak-like �Males have large genitalia that resemble stinging tails of a scorpion �Eat other insects, but some are vegetarian �Predators include mostly web building spiders Image: Scorpionfly

Order: Lepidoptera (aquatic moths) � 2 pair of membranous wings covered in scales �A few moths are wingless �Large compound eyes �Antennae present �Mouthparts formed into a sucking tube called a haustellum �Larvae called a caterpillar

Order: Trichoptera (caddisflies) �Medium sized insects up to 40 mm in length �Resemble hairy moths; however, wings are densely covered in hairs rather than scales �Larvae eat a range of plants and algae, occasionally other insects �Predators of larvae are mainly fish �Predators of adults include spiders, birds, bats, reptiles, and frogs Image: Caddisflies

Order: Trichoptera (caddisflies) Image: Caddisfly larvae in casing

Order: Coleoptera (water beetles) �Two pair of wings �Hardened forewings �Membranous hind wings �Mandible mouthparts �Compound eyes Image: Various larval types of Coleoptera Image: Diving Beetle Image: Water Beetle

Summary �Aquatic Insects in Nature: https: //kera. pbslearningmedia. org/resource/etv 08. sci. life. eco. insects/primitive-insects-of-the-congareeswamp/#. WM 7 ALTsr. LIU �Aquatic Insect Video: https: //kera. pbslearningmedia. org/resource/watsol. sc i. ess. water. aquins/aquatic-insects/#. WM 6 -Tjsr. LIU

Project: “Grow” Bloodworms � Place tub in ground near vegetation such as under a tree branch � Fill with decaying plants � Add water � Over a few days with warm temperatures, bloodworms will begin to live beneath decaying material while mosquito larvae will float on the surface � To collect bloodworms, remove leaves and place them onto a screen with water below. Bloodworms will try to escape into water when leaves dry out � These bloodworms can serve as food to fish, salamanders, shrimp, water spiders, freshwater lobster, and some types of water beetles � Bloodworms can be stored in refrigerator covered by a wet newspaper