Aquaculture systems Biotic and abiotic components 1 The

Aquaculture systems Biotic and abiotic components: 1. The fish component • • Behavioral/physiological requirements – must be in normal (optimal) range 1. 2. 3. Dissolved inorganic and organic compounds 4. p. H

Aquaculture systems Biotic and abiotic components: 2. The water component • • – 3. Pond or rearing area/container • Provide spatial requirements for species •

Aquaculture systems Biotic and abiotic components: 4. Nutritional requirements • Provides energy requirements to meet – standard metabolic demands • Components associated with water quality • •

Aquaculture systems Biotic and abiotic components: 5. Management of the system • Fish culturist governs how well all components will be “balanced” • Management factors: • • • Record-keeping • Pond cleaning techniques and frequencies •

Aquaculture systems Management conditions: 1. Extensive culture: Low degree of input on manager’s part • Low water exchanges • • • Common in developing regions • Subsistence production

Aquaculture systems Management conditions: 2. Semi-intensive • Higher degree of management than extensive • Common in warmwater foodfish industry – catfish • Feed daily • Assess growth and mortality

Aquaculture systems Management conditions: 3. Intensive • • Common in salmonid culture • • • Feeding of commercial feeds at high rates • Continual sampling and monitoring

Aquaculture Public aquaculture: Purpose: • Mitigation • Conservation/species recovery (ESA) • Management/sport fishing Mitigation: • • Columbia/Snake River systems

Aquaculture Conservation: • Endangered species preservation • • Recovery of listed stock • •

Aquaculture Management/sportfishing: • Game fish stocking (non-salmonids) • Bass • Pike • Walleye • Put and take fisheries • •

Aquaculture Private aquaculture Purpose: • Commercial: • Food/table fish and other aquatic species • • • Fee fishing • Trout/catfish • Common in Midwest/east

Aquaculture • Bait fish – for sportfishing in many states • Forage fish • • Tilapia/carp • Ornamental species • Aquarium/hobbyist trade • Direct or wholesale markets •

Aquaculture Components of private and public aquaculture: 1. Production: • All life stages 2. 3. Marketing (important in commercial) • Sales and distribution 4. Processing waste • Disposal 5. Value added product

Aquaculture Factors to consider in private aquaculture: • • • Feed availability/manufacturing Equipment Product development/marketing Engineering/construction Real estate

Aquaculture Economics: • Variable costs • Eggs/fingerlings • Feed • Mortality • Utilities • Maintenance • Fixed costs: • Labor • Insurance • Taxes • Advertising