AQA GCSE Design and Technology 8552 2 A

AQA GCSE Design and Technology 8552 2 A The work of other designers Unit 6 Designing principles

Objectives • Know how to investigate, analyse and evaluate the work of others • Understand how investigating the work of other designers can inform designing

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles The work of others • Researching the work of others is a key step in any design process • As well as inspiring new ideas this will help you understand the materials and processes necessary in your focus area • Investigate products both similar and dissimilar to your focus area to discern the design process • Who or what do you think is worth investigating as part of your research process?

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles What to research? • All of the following contexts will provide a wealth of information and visual inspiration • Artists • Designers • Design companies • Design movements • Trends and fashions • The built environment • Abstract patterns, nature and science

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Product analysis • What might have been the original requirements of the humble egg-box design specification? • How does the design of the egg-box meet its requirements? • How can an investigation into the work of others be broken into different elements?

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Investigating the work of others • How can an investigation into the work of others be broken into different elements? • • • Materials Processes Aesthetics Design concepts Form and function Fitness for purpose Identify target market for product Manufacture / administration infrastructure Consistency with other products from the same designer How do established designs demonstrate what not to do?

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Analysing the work of others • Look at similar products from different designers • Compare and contrast different solutions to common problems • Separate the underlying design concepts from the methods of production • Select those elements that most closely match your own design objectives

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Analysis Complete Task 1 of Worksheet 2 A

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Evaluating the work of others • Evaluation should be as impartial and objective as possible • What common features of their designs made the designer, or design company so successful? • What else was being produced at the time, and how did those products compare? • How could some of their most successful features and ideas, influence your own designs?

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Evaluation Complete Task 2 of Worksheet 2 A

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Harry Beck 1902 -1974 Harry Beck is best known for redesigning the London Underground map • Previous maps were unsuccessful owing to the geography of London • Beck realised that people did not need to know the true distance between stations • His clear graphical layout became the recognised design template for transport maps around the World

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Harry Beck 1902 -1974 A trained electrical draughtsman, Harry Beck drew inspiration from the simplistic style used for electrical diagrams • His job was primarily to draw schematics for electrical systems of the London Underground

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Coco Chanel 1883 -1971 French fashion designer and founder of the Chanel brand • Her simplicity and style revolutionised women’s clothing in the 1920’s • She liberated women from the corset and introduced casual elegance • Her Little Black Dress remains the most iconic fashion item that transcends age • Chanel expanded her successful brand into perfume and cosmetics. By 1929, Chanel No. 5 was the best selling perfume in the World

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Alexander Mc. Queen 1969 -2010 The bad boy of British fashion, Mc. Queen delivered collections that pushed the boundaries of design • He completed an apprenticeship at a Savile Row tailors before finishing an MA in fashion • Fashion houses of Paris, including Givenchy, hired Mc. Queen which rocked the traditional world of fashion • His 2010 collection featured reptilian prints and alien inspired make-up • After winning a clutch of design awards he was awarded a CBE for services to fashion

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles William Morris 1834 -1896 An outstanding figure of English textile design • Morris was associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and Arts and Craft Movement • Celebrated for his block printed fabric and textiles, he also produced elaborate embroidery and tapestries • Nature was his inspiration and he produced stylised evocations of plants and flowers • He revived traditional art processes that had been replaced by industrialisation

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Mary Quant 1934 British fashion designer who offered a refreshing alternative to fashion • Quant produced “relaxed clothes suited to the actions of normal life“ influenced by Mod style • She is often credited with creating the mini skirt. Whether or not she was the first, short skirts became synonymous with Quant style • Her daisy logo is recognised around the world

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Vivienne Westwood 1941 Famed for ripping up the fashion rule book with Malcolm Mc. Laren • The media dubbed their provocative style ‘Punk’ • In 1981, their first catwalk show created a template for the New Romantic look • Her designs often incorporate classic structured corsetry • Vivienne remains as challenging, innovative and anti-establishment as ever

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Marcel Breuer 1902 -1981 Influential Hungarian designer and architect • As a student of Bauhaus, Breuer produced the first tubular steel furniture • Breuer’s ground breaking design of the Wassily Chair remains just as fresh and modern today • Cesca, a chair made of a single curved piece of steel, became a famous and much copied cantilevered design • His striking architecture often showed a sculptural use of concrete

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Norman Foster 1935 British architect and founder of Foster + Partners • The partnership has created a wealth of outstanding buildings and structures around the World • Their designs are innovative, but practical and enhance our human experience with architecture • Creators of ambitious construction projects in challenging locations, they have realised iconic and landmark buildings

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Charles Rennie Mackintosh A Scottish designer, architect and artist 1868 -1928 • He was central to the success of Glasgow School of Art • His distinctive style of modernity with romanticism influenced building and furniture design of the early 20 th century • He utilised geometric lines and natural forms with Asian and Japanese influence

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Aldo Rossi 1931 -1997 An Italian architect and product designer • Highly regarded for his original and geometric forms, he became an outstanding figure of post modern architecture • In the 1980 s he worked with Alessi designing a series of iconic products including La Cupola coffee maker • He successfully expressed architectural and abstract form in his designs

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Gerrit Rietveld 1888 -1964 Dutch architect and furniture designer • In 1919 he joined forces with artists including Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg as part of ‘De Stijl’ • ‘De Stijl’ used a combination of monochromatic and primary colour pallets displayed in geometric arrangements • His most notable architectural project was the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, completed after his death

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Ettore Sottsass 1917 -2007 A leading figure of Italian design and the Memphis design movement • Working as a design consultant for Olivetti, he revolutionised typewriter design with the Valentine typewriter • He worked extensively in architecture completing private houses and public buildings • He is among the many designers who have created housewares for Alessi

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Philippe Starck 1949 French product designer and architect • A prolific designer of kitchen appliances, furniture and lighting, through to motorbikes and yachts • Stark’s flamboyant personality is often reflected in his products as he adds an element of humour to everyday items • Some say the Juicy Salif may be celebrated more for its form over function • Stark is rumoured to have said “It’s not meant to squeeze lemons, it is meant to start conversations”

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Raymond Templier 1891 -1968 An important figure in the world of Art Deco jewellery design • His work had a geometric style and was inspired by Cubism • He contrasted jewels with flat surfaces, matt with shiny materials • Templier jewellery is rare and highly sought after when ever items appear for public auction or sale

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Louis Comfort Tiffany 1848 -1933 A prolific American designer whose life long goal was ‘the pursuit of beauty’ • Rather than following his father in to the family business Tiffany & Co. , he channelled his creativity into art and then stained glass • His stained glass designs echoed his love of naturalistic forms, flowers and insects • Tiffany expanded his range into furniture, frescoes, lampshades and small artefacts • By his death, he was an internationally acclaimed leader of American design

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Sir Alec Issigonis 1906 -1988 Designer famed for the Morris Minor and Mini • His designs had more impact on Britain’s post war motor industry than any other designer • The Morris Minor was the first car to sell over a million units • His Mini designs broke the mould and revolutionised small car design • The iconic Mini continues to evolve today – a testament to its popularity

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Design movements • Styles and fashions change. Artists and designers take the lead in these changes and often form themselves into groups to promote their work • Recognised art and design movements include: • Arts and Crafts Movement 1853 – 1907: Morris • Art Nouveau 1880 – 1910: Tiffany • Art Deco 1908 – 1935: Mackintosh • De Stijl 1917 – 1931: Rietveld • Bauhaus 1919 – 1933: Breuer • Post-Modernism 1970 – 1990: Rossi • Memphis 1981 – 1988: Sottsass

The work of others Unit 6 Designing principles Styles and influences • Complete Task 3 of Worksheet 2 A

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