AQA GCSE Design and Technology 8552 1 Papers

AQA GCSE Design and Technology 8552 1 Papers and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties

Objectives • Know the primary sources of materials for producing papers and boards • Be able to recognise and characterise different types of papers and boards • Understand how the physical and working properties of a range of paper and board products affect their performance

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Starter • Think of the range of papers and boards you will have encountered today • Make a list of the different types and suggest their characteristics, for instance rigid, opaque, smooth

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties What is paper? • Papers and boards are made from natural fibres (cellulose), usually sourced from wood • Other sources of fibre include bamboo, flax, hemp, kenaf, straw and sugarcane • Wood fibres are mostly sourced from faster growing softwoods rather than hardwoods • Rag paper is made using cotton which gives it superior strength and durability

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Pulp • The first stage in the production of paper and board is to make pulp • The natural cellulose fibres are mixed with water • This mixture is cooked which produces a fibrous liquid known as pulp • Pulp is fed onto a mesh conveyor which allows excess water to drain away • This makes its way through a series of rollers which help to press, form and dry the pulp into a continuous sheet which is either rolled or cut to size for commercial processing

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Treatments and finishes • The final finish of paper or board depends upon: • the type of fibre used to make the pulp • any chemicals added during the manufacturing process • the addition of layers, different coatings or laminates • bleaching level which decreases the natural colour so it becomes whiter • When a high quality ‘bright’ paper is required, bleached pulp would be used

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Paper weight • Paper is characterised by weight • The weight is measured in grams per square metre (GSM) • Understanding the different types of paper available will help you select the right material for the job

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Bleedproof paper • Bleedproof paper is smooth and has a special coating to reduce absorbency • When drawing with a marker pen or writing with ink, the paper keeps the ink on the surface which creates a crisper line or mark • It resists bleeding and feathering • It’s lightweight at around 70 -80 gsm

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Cartridge paper • A thick, quality paper with a slight texture • It’s used particularly for pencil and ink drawings and paintings • Available in a range of weights, a heavier paper at 200 gsm is more suitable for watercolour and acrylic painting • Would this type of paper be given a coating? Justify your answer

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Plotting data • Grid paper has printed squares or isometric grids • These are printed with feint lines that enable the user to draw graphs and diagrams, plot mathematical functions or add scientific data • Lines can be printed in different weights • How does grid paper help with accuracy when drawing a plan, for instance the layout of a new kitchen?

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Design and layout • In the early stages of planning for a painting or design, artists may use layout paper and tracing paper for working sketches and ideas • Layout paper is lightweight and smooth with greater opacity than tracing paper • It accepts pencil and most other media well

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Translucency • Tracing paper is smooth and sold in pads and rolls • Ranging from 40 gsm up to 280 gsm for specialist uses • It is made in the same way as ordinary paper, but is passed through a bath of acid which partially dissolves the paper • This increases the translucency, and it also increases the stability of the paper • As well as for tracing, suggest where else you may find this type of paper in use

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Worksheet • Complete Task 1 of Worksheet 1

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Cardboard • A heavy duty paper available in a range of thicknesses and strengths • Board is measured in microns – 1000 microns equal 1 mm • Board can be made from recycled paper • It can be laminated to other materials to increase strength or provide an alternative surface • All of these characteristics make board a very versatile product. Suggest some innovative uses of cardboard?

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Corrugated cardboard • Corrugated board is made up of one or two outer flat layers and a corrugated layer • Commonly used for delivery containers and packaging • It’s lightweight, but strong • With a smooth surface, it can easily be printed on • Suggest a common use in the catering industry for corrugated cardboard

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Foil lined board • This is made from a stiff card lined with aluminium foil on one side • Cartons containing liquid are foil lined making it food safe • The card also has a waxy coating to make it resistant to oils and liquids • Where else might you find foil lined card?

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Duplex board • Duplex board is made up of two layers • The exterior will have a wax coating to provide a moisture barrier and give it a glossy sheen • Its smooth white surface makes it suitable for offset printing • Its weight, 200 – 500 gsm, also makes it ideal for folding and die cutting • Suggest three other household products which would be made using Duplex board

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Foam board or foamcore • Foam board consists of a sheet of polystyrene foam sandwiched between outer layers of paper • Rigid and lightweight, it is often used as a backing material for graphic signage • It cuts cleanly with a sharp blade making it very suitable for architectural models or prototypes • How recyclable is foamcore? • What could be used as an alternative material?

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Solid white board • Solid white board is a high quality board with a bright white finish • Weights range from 200 gsm – 500 gsm • It’s strong, smooth surface makes it suitable for book covers and product packaging • It accepts printing and surface finishes • What process would the wood pulp undergo to produce this bright white board?

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Ink jet card • Designed for use with an inkjet printer, the inks sit on the surface of the paper • With a special coating this increases the stability of the print • A good smooth surface, ensures even ink coverage and absorbency • Available in weights ranging from 120 -350 gsm • A matt or gloss coating enables a variety of images to be printed • When would a matt finish be more suitable for use?

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Worksheet • Complete Tasks 2 and 3 of the worksheet

Paper and boards Unit 3 Materials and their working properties Plenary • Identify any papers and boards in this image and justify why each is suitable for its purpose

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