APUSH UNIT 4 1800 1846 Key Themes to

APUSH UNIT 4 1800 -1846

Key Themes to Unit 4 • • • Election of 1800 (Peaceful Revolution) Justice John Marshall Louisiana Purchase (1803) American System (TNT) Democratic-Republican Party (Jacksonian Era) Missouri Compromise (1820) Second Great Awakening Nullification Crisis Texas Fight (1836) and Mexican-American War (1846 -48) Women’s Rights Movement (Seneca Falls) Manifest Destiny

Key Terms for Unit 4 • • • Andrew Jackson Whigs Henry Clay Market Revolution Protestants Utopian Movements South/North/Mid-West Regions Enslaved Blacks/Free African Americans Abolitionists/ Anti-Slavery Movements Seneca Fall Convention Transportation Revolution Public/Private Sphere

Key Terms Continued • • Appalachian Mountains Ohio and Mississippi Rivers American Indian Removal Monroe Doctrine

• Jefferson vs. Burr (& Adams) – Same number of electoral votes in the election – This election would lead to passage of the 12 th Amendment – Jefferson wins close vote in house to become third President- Hamilton makes it happen • (sees Jefferson as lesser evil than Burr)

• March 4, 1801 – Jefferson’s inauguration – Address want to bring about unity – “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists” – Spoke of majority rule with minority rights – Recognized the significance of the peaceful transfer of power

Chief Justice John Marshall

• Marbury v. Madison – William Marbury (a “midnight judge”) had been appointed justice of the peace for D. C. – Sued the new secretary of state (Madison) to have appointment delivered – Marshall asserted the principle that the Supreme Court had the final authority (“judicial review”) – Greatly increased the power of the Supreme Court

The Louisiana Purchase Before 1763 - France claimed Louisiana – 1763 – 1800 – Louisiana belongs to Spain – By treaty (1800) Spain gives Louisiana Territory back to France – By treaty (1803) France sells to America for $15 million

The States in the Louisiana Purchase

Exploring the Louisiana Purchase and the West

Heading Up Pike’s Peak

Pike’s Peak Near Summit

Pike’s Peak Summit

Four Barbary States of North Africa, c. 1805

• Aaron Burr and Federalists in New England – Burr was Jefferson’s 1 st term vice president, but was dropped in 1804 – Plotted with Federalists to have N. England N. Y. secede from the US – Hamilton exposed Burr’s plan – An angry Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel and killed him (July 11, 1804) – He was indicted for Murder in New Jersey but never brought to trial for the duel – Later charged with treason but found N. G.

• June 1, 1812 – War Declared Against England • Support for war came from South and West and Republicans in populous middle states • Federalists opposed the war; strongest in New England sympathize with England • Federalists did not want to annex Canada as Republicans wanted • Would add more farming land increase the strength of Republicans

The War in 1814

Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island Contemplate Abandoning the Union and Leaping into the Waiting Arms of George III

Results of the War of 1812 Indians are deserted by the British and forced to make peace and give up huge tracts of land north of the Ohio River – Harrison and Jackson become famous as warriors and will become Presidents – Increased nationalism and decreased sectionalism – Clay’s American System (TNT) – Foreign nations begin to respect U. S.

The Missouri Compromise, 1820– 1821

Erie Canal Paid for by State Funds not National Funds Finished 1825 & Part of TNT

Cumberland (National) Road and Main Connections Bring People West

Marshall Expands Power of Federal Government • Mc. Culloch v. Maryland (1819) – Maryland taxes a branch of the Bank of the US – Court rules state can’t tax agency of the federal government (the Bank) • “the power to tax involves the power to destroy” – Marshall declared bank constitutional, using the doctrine of “implied powers”

• Cohens v. Virginia (1821) – Court upheld state conviction – Asserted right of Supreme Court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving powers of federal government • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – Ruled only Congress regulates interstate commerce – Struck down the New York monopoly, opening commerce to other companies

• Fletcher v. Peck (1810) – Georgia land grant was a contract and Constitution forbid state laws that would “impair” contracts • the Supreme Court has power to invalidate state laws conflicting with the Constitution • Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) – College granted a charter by King George in 1769 – New Hampshire legislature changes charter – Ct ruled that original charter was a contract and Constitution protected contracts against infringement by states

A “Live Wire” 1823

King Jackson 1828 -36 Opponents become the Whig party

Keys to Jacksonian Era • • Corrupt Bargain of 1824 Spoils System Tariff of Abominations Nullification Crisis Force Bill Indian Removal Act Trail of Tears (but takes place under Van Buren) – https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ps. Iuidkk. Lj. I • Bank War

The Texas Issue • 1819 – US traded claim to Texas to Spain for Florida – Spanish want to settle the area • 1821 – Mexico gains independence • 1823 - Make deal with Stephan Austin to populate the state. He ignores rules that settlers be Catholic and non-slave holding

The Texas Revolution 1836

• America supported Texans fight against Mexico but request for annexation (1837) stopped by slavery issue – North protested that Texas was part of “conspiracy” to extend slavery – Mexico never recognizes Texas as independent because treaty signed at gunpoint – Texas remains independent nation until 1845 and even entered into foreign treaties

The New Economy & Market Revolution • 1846 – sewing machine invented by Elias Howe and Perfected by Isaac Singer – Boosted ready-made clothing industry – Moved seamstresses (women sewers) from homeproduction to factories – 1800 – 306 new patents issued – 1860 – 28, 000 new patents issued

Sewing Machine 1846 Invented by Howe and Perfected by Singer -----Massive Factory Growth Results

The telegraph – 1844 – invented by Samuel F. B. Morse – Washington, DC to Baltimore (about 40 miles) – Morse tapped out “What hath God wrought? ” Factories displaced homemade products, but also offered employment to women “cult of domesticity” was widespread cultural belief system that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker

Samuel Morse’s Telegraph 1844 “What Hath God Wrought”

• Farmers worked to expand acreage – 1837 – John Deere invented steel plow – 1830 s – Cyrus Mc. Cormick invented the mechanical mower-reaper • Subsistence farming replaced by production for market Farmers went into debt buying more land new equipment

Women in Revolt – Gained strength in 1840 s and 1850 s • Empowered by Great Awakening – Most were from upper classes – Most worked for other reforms (temperance, abolition) in addition to women’s rights – Important leaders like Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony

• 1848: Seneca Falls, New York – Stanton read “Declaration of Sentiments” • “all men and women are created equal” – Demanded the vote – Launched the women’s rights movement • Women’s movement eclipsed by antislavery until after Civil War – Sojourner Truth (former slave) spoke out

KEY CULTURAL CHANGES 1820 -1860 • • • Modern Economy Movement Westward Immigration Transportation Communication Reform Movements (due to changes taking place) – – – Religion Abolitionist Women Literature Insane Asylums and Prisons Alcohol

The Oregon Controversy 1846

Manifest Destiny

Campaigns of the Mexican War 1846 -48

• February 2, 1848 – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • US given official title to Texas (already annexed) • Land of present-day Southwest, including California to America (key to deal) – US pays $15 million for the land – US pays $3. 25 million that Mexico owed to US citizens for prior debts from Texas – https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=gn 2 Fzu. Py. Fl. Y

Result of war is renewed Slavery Issue North claimed that war was fought to expand slavery • Most land gained was south of 36° 30’ line – Wilmot Proviso • David Wilmot : rep. from PA 1846 proposes to ban slavery in any territory taken from Mexico • Passed House, but not Senate; southerners refused to give in but North wanted it – Slavery issues brought up by Mexican War will not be settled until Civil War

Two Famous Quotes about War • Emerson: “Mexico will poison us” • Calhoun: “Mexico is to us the forbidden fruit… the penalty for eating it would be to subject our institutions to political death”