APUSH Test Review Page 12 Judicial Review The

APUSH Test Review Page 12

Judicial Review The right of the Supreme Court to declare a law passed by Congress unconstitutional

Kitchen Cabinet Informal group of friends who advised Jackson during his administration

Missouri Compromise worked out by Henry Clay in 1820; declared slavery prohibited in Louisiana territory north of 36'30, Maine would enter union as a slave state, and Maine as a free state

Monroe Doctrine A United States policy that sought to insulate the Western Hemisphere from European intervention

Nullification The theory advanced by John Calhoun in response to the Tariff of Abominations (1828); declared states, acting through a popular convention, could declare a law passed by Congress "null

Pet Banks A term used by JAckson's opponents to to describe the state banks that the federal government used for revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States

Spoils System Winning Presidential candidate gave government jobs to supporters; Began with Andrew Jackson

War Hawks Nationalist members of Congress who strongly supported war with Great Britain on the eve of the War of 1812

Whig Party A national political coalition formed to oppose the Jacksonian Democrats

Rise of Sectionalism • Economic Issue-- Industrial North vs. • • • Agricultural South Immigration and Nativism Slavery and Sectionalism-- Missouri Compromise Slavery in the Territories after the Mexican War--Compromise of 1850

Economic Issue-- Industrial North vs. Agricultural South • For decades prior to the war, tensions between the North and South continued to escalate as both regions traveled down different paths of advancement. The North, fueled by an immigration boom, industrialized, whereas Southern reliance on "King Cotton" kept them agriculturally tied to the land, and dependent on the institution of chattel slavery.

Immigration and Nativism • American nativism and our historic ambivalence about immigration—at times vigorously seeking newcomers from abroad, at other times shutting them out and/or deporting them—is deeply entangled both in economic cycles and in the uncertainties of our vision of ourselves as a nation.

Slavery and Sectionalism. Missouri Compromise • • Was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. With the exception of Missouri, this law prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36° 30´ latitude line

Slavery in the Territories after the Mexican War • Compromise of 1850 ~A series of five bills that were intended to stave off sectional strife. ~Its goal was to deal with the spread of slavery to territories in order to keep northern and southern interests in balance.