APUSH REVIEW UNIT 6 1865 TO 1898 MR

APUSH REVIEW UNIT 6 1865 TO 1898 MR. LIPMAN

KEY THEMES Modernization & Laissez-Faire Immigration vs. Native Born Grange Movement Populist Party The Gilded Age and Robber Barons • Gospel of Wealth (social gospel movement) • The Rise of Political Corruption • Tammany Hall • Labors growth and clash with business • Rise of Jim Crow Segregation • Plessy v. Ferguson • • •

President Grant ----Administration deals with 4 major corruption scandals 1. Gold Market 2. Railroads 3. Whiskey Ring 4. Indian Lands

Corruption not limited to Federal Government -------Boss Tweed is finally stopped by 1871 N. Y. Times investigation

• American farmers in the Midwest most hurt by railroad abuses • Depression in 1870 s brings protests • Farmers organized into groups like the Grange Movement and worked with state legislatures to regulate railroads, reducing prices, so railroads sued in Federal Court • 1886 – Wabash v. Illinois • Supreme Court ruled that states could not regulate interstate (between states) commerce

• 1887 – Interstate Commerce Act passed by Congress {pushed after Wabash case} • • • Prohibited rebates and pools Required railroads to publish rates openly Stopped discrimination against shippers Can’t charge more for short than long hauls Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) set up to enforce the law • 1 st time Fed Government attempts to regulate a portion of the economy

• Cleveland believed government should keep its hands off business affairs (laissez-faire) • “Though the people support the government, the government should not support the people. ” (Cleveland) • He would veto many Civil War pension bills • He is the only Democratic President between 1860 and 1912.

Andrew Carnegie was king of steel: Scottish immigrant who rose from poverty to wealth and then gave almost all away Gospel of Wealth

What a Puny Little Government

POPULATION GROWTH • Massive immigration in 1880 s and 1890 s includes large Chinese immigration bringing laws to exclude • Immigrants flood cities leading to the power of political machines and corruption at all levels of government

Looking Backward

Bad $ Times bring Discontent • 1892 – People’s Party (Populists) emerged • Grew out of Farmers’ Alliance and they want: • • unlimited coinage of silver (16 to 1 ratio) “inflation” Graduated income tax (progressive tax) Gov’t ownership of railroads, telegraph and telephone Direct election of US senators 1 -term limit for president Adoption of initiative and referendum procedures Shorter workday Immigration restriction

• Grangers get states to help them • Farmers and the 4 D’s • (Debt, Drought, Deflation, Depression) • State laws passed to regulate R. R. rates and fees from grain elevators and warehouses • State laws overturned by Supreme Court • Wabash v. Illinois (1886) – states had no power to regulate interstate commerce; only Congress could do that • Grange movement faded as laws stricken

“You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. ”