APUSH REVIEW Expansion COLONIAL EXPANSION Colonies expand westward

APUSH REVIEW Expansion

COLONIAL EXPANSION Colonies expand westward after being settled along the coast (frontiers) Distinct cultures develop between the wealthy traders in the east and the western farmers Conflicts between natives and colonists occur French and Indian War (1754 -1763)

PROCLAMATION OF 1763 Following the French and Indian War – The British prohibited expansion beyond the Appalachian Mtns. Intended to secure land for Native Americans and prevent future confrontations Many colonists did not follow the proclamation and pressed westward into Kentucky and the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, etc…)

NORTHWEST ORDINANCE (1787) Acquired by America after the American Revolution. Under the Articles of Confederation, the congress decided to sell off this land allow the territories to become states after reaching 60, 000 people. Gave the US the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin

LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803) Acquired from: France President Jefferson sent an envoy to France to purchase the port of New Orleans for $10 million. Napoleon offered the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million. Lewis and Clark Expedition

MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) Proposed by Henry Clay Settled the issue of Missouri’s entrance as a state Missouri would come in as a slave state and Maine would be split from Massachusetts and become a free state All land in the Louisiana Purchase above 36’ 30 would be free and below would be slave

MANIFEST DESTINY (18161848 Acquired from: Britain (Oregon), Spain (Florida), and Mexico Nationalism following the War of 1812 Florida Purchase Treaty with Spain (Adams-Onis Treaty) – 1819 Negotiated by John Quincy Adams Gave America Florida and rights to the Oregon Territory for our claims of Texas Revolution (1835 -1836) – Admitted as a new state in 1845 54 -40 or Fight – Negotiation for the settlement of the Oregon border with Britain Mexican War – Fought over California. America won and claimed Arizona, New Mexico, and West Texas Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

GOLD RUSH (1849) After California had been acquired, gold was discovered there in 1848 Many people moved there to strike it rich California swelled in population – requested admission as a state in 1850 Compromise of 1850 – Proposed by Henry Clay - Allowed California to come in as a free state, Texas’ border to be settled, New Mexico and Utah to have popular sovereignty, and for a stricter Fugitive Slave Law

ALASKA (1867) Acquired from: Russia had a huge debt following the Crimean War and feared Alaska would be annexed by Britain and they could not defend it William Seward (Sec. of State under Lincoln and Johnson) bought the region for $7. 2 million Originally nicknamed “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox” Became a state in 1959

TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD (1869) Attempt to connect the west and east coasts via railroad Gadsden Purchase (1854) – Bought from Mexico to potentially build a southern transcontinental railroad Kansas-Nebraska Act (1856) – Proposed by Stephen A. Douglas to bring the railroad through Chicago Allowed Kansas and Nebraska Territories to be open to popular sovereignty – it undid the Missouri Compromise RR construction during Civil War (1861 -1865) but finished in 1869

HAWAII (1893) Acquired from: Kingdom of Hawaii Mc. Kinley Tariff (1890) raised tariffs on sugar produced in Hawaii The Dole Corp. hired soldiers to overthrow the queen (Liliuokalani) in 1893 The matter was tabled by President Cleveland (anti-imperialist) and in 1898 Hawaii became an official territory Became a state in 1959

SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898) Acquired from: Spain (Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines) Cuba had been fighting for independence from Spain America wanted to continue uninhibited trade with Cuba Sinking of the USS Maine – Yellow Journalism – “Splendid Little War” The US acquired an empire from Spain The Teller Amendment (1898) and the Platt Amendment (1901) Filipino Insurrection – Philippines hoped to remove American intrusions following the Spanish-American War Self-government (1934) and independence (1946)

THE SPACE RACE (1955 -1991) Between the US and the Soviet Union The “Final Frontier” Sputnik – First satellite launched into space (1957) NASA – Founded in 1958 Vostok – First human into space (1961) Mercury program – Alan Shepared (1961) and John Glenn (1962) Apollo program – Apollo 11 lands on Moon (1969) Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin Joint effort of Apollo-Soyuz (1972) Space Race ended with the dissolution of Soviet Union in 1991 International Space Station (1998) – Habitable satellite used for research