April Basilica di San Marco Venice Aprilis aperire

April, Basilica di San Marco, Venice

, Aprilis מלטינית אפריל , הגרמנית מהשפה נגזרת העברית ההגייה . הגרגוריאני השנה בלוח הרביעי החודש הוא הלטינית מהמילה נובע זה חודש של שמו , " "לפתוח שפירושה , אפריר aperire . האביב פריחת מתחילה זה בחודש שכן נגזר שהשם לשלול אין אך ( הרומית אפרודיטה )ונוס האלה של משמה . לה מקודש היה זה שחודש The upper scene depicts the Triumph of Venus as an allegory of April, the central part of the middle layer representing the zodiac sign Bull, and on the lower layer of the fresco the scene Borso and the buffoon Scocola COSSA, Francesco del Allegory of April: Triumph of Venus, 1476 -84 Fresco, Palazzo Schifanoia, Ferrara

Notre-Dame de Lausanne, The Labours of the Months in the Rose Window, April The South Rose Window survived from the 13 th century

The Cycle of the Months is a group of paintings in the Torre Aquila in Trento Buonconsiglio Castle, attributed to the master of Bohemia Wenceslas (documented in the city in 1397). Date back to the beginning of the fifteenth-fourteenth century and are the best example of International Gothic in Trentino and one of the most significant of northern Italy. UNKNOWN MASTER, Italian Representation of the Twelve Months , April, 1391 -1407 Fresco, Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent

Holding new plants in April. Detail of the Zodiac Window Chartres Cathedral , c. 1220

April, Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry, Musée Condé , Chantilly

April is the fourth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It was originally the second month of the Roman calendar, before January and February were added by King Numa Pompilius about 700 BC. It became the fourth month of the calendar year (the year when twelve months are displayed in order) during the time of the decemvirs about 450 BC, when it also was given 29 days. The derivation of the name (Latin Aprilis) is uncertain. The traditional etymology is from the Latin aperire, "to open, " in allusion to its being the season when trees and flowers begin to "open, " which is supported by comparison with the modern Greek use of ἁνοιξις (anoixis) (opening) for spring. Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess Venus, the Festum Veneris et Fortunae Virilis being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month Aphrilis, from her equivalent Greek goddess name Aphrodite (Aphros), or from the Etruscan name Apru. Jacob Grimm suggests the name of a hypothetical god or hero, Aper or Aprus. The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours, France, Rouen? , 1475 -1499 Cambridge, Harvard University, Houghton Library, MS Lat 250

The Anglo Saxons called April Oster-monath or Eostur-monath. The Venerable Bede says in The Reckoning of Time that this month Eostur is the root of the word Easter. He further states that the month was named after a goddess Eostre whose feast was in that month. St George's day is the twenty third of the month; and St Mark's Eve, with its superstition that the ghosts of those who are doomed to die within the year will be seen to pass into the church, falls on the twenty fourth. In China the symbolic ploughing of the earth by the emperor and princes of the blood took place in their third month, which frequently corresponds to our April. The Finns called (and still call) this month huhtikuu, or 'Burnwood Month', when the wood for beat and burn clearing of farmland was felled. Hans Thoma (1839– 1924) April

מזל חודש אפריל הוא מזל שור COSSA, Francesco del , zodiac sign Bull detail of Allegory of April: Triumph of Venus, 1476 -84 Fresco, Palazzo Schifanoia, Ferrara

, במיתולוגיה היוונית האל זאוס לבש את צורת השור כדי לזכות בנסיכה אירופה אלה הולידו ביחד את המינוטאור. אליה השתוקק , הנסיכה הפיניקית המיתולוגית In Greek mythology, Taurus was identified with Zeus, who assumed the form of a magnificent white bull in order to seduce Europa, a legendary Phoenician princess. Titian, Rape of Europa, 1559 -1562, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, Massachusetts

In illustrations, only the front portion of this constellation are depicted; in Greek mythology this was sometimes explained as Taurus being partly submerged as he carried Europa out to sea. Greek mythographer Acusilaus marks the bull Taurus as the same that formed the myth of the Cretan Bull, one of The Twelve Labors of Hercules. Giovanni Maria Falconetto Sign of Taurus, Sala dello Zodiaco, 1515 -1520 Fresco, Palazzo d'Arco

Taurus the Bull. Detail of the Zodiac Window Chartres Cathedral , c. 1220

Jacob Jordaens Les Signes du Zodiaque, Taureau, ca. 1640

Catholic Church. Book of hours : use of Orléans, ca. 1490 Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. MS Lat 253.

באומנות מאופיין אפריל חודש , פרחים קטיף , בשתילה ציד , צאן רעיית הטבע בחיק ובילויים The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours, Belgium, 1500 -1550 Cambridge, Harvard University, Houghton Library, MS Richardson 9

The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours, Belgium, 1500 -1599 Cambridge, Harvard University, Houghton Library, MS Richardson 8

Oh to be in England Now that April's there, And whoever wakes in England Sees, some morning, unaware, That the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf Round the elm tree bole are in tiny leaf, While the chaffinch sings on the orchard bough In England now! Robert Browning, Home Thoughts from Abroad The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours, 1450 -1499 Cambridge, Harvard University Houghton Library, MS Richardson 7

The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours, France, 1450 -1499 Cambridge, Harvard University, Houghton Library, MS Lat 257

The Labours of the Months, April De Buz Hours, France, 1400 -1450 Artist: Rohan Master Cambridge, Harvard University, Houghton Library, MS Richardson 42

The Labours of the Months, April Roman Breviary for Sundays and feast days, 14 th century Book of hours, composed for an unknown convent in the diocese of Basel. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 402

The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours. This book of hours in the Parisian fashion is richly illuminated and was made for the diocese of Nantes in the third quarter of the 15 th century. It was owned by the Petau family during the 17 th century. Genève, Bibliothèque de Genève, Ms. lat. 33

The Labours of the Months, April The Shaftesbury Psalter, 2 nd quarter of the 12 th century, British Library, Lansdowne 383

The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours Brotherton Collection MS 1, University of Leeds

The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours Brotherton Collection MS 8, University of Leeds

The Labours of the Months, April, Book of Hours , Brotherton Collection MS 9, University of Leeds

Calendar page for April with medallions of a woman holding two green plants and Taurus under a tree. Book of Hours, Use of Sarum ('The Taymouth Hours'), England, c. 1325 -1335, British Library, Yates Thompson 13

The labours of the Months, April Book of Hours, 'The Dunois Hours‘, Use of Rome, France, c. 1440 -1450 British Library, Yates Thompson 3.

April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring Dull roots with spring rain. Winter kept us warm, covering Earth in forgetful snow, feeding A little life with dried tubers. Thomas Stearns Eliot, The Waste Land The Labours of the Months, April Psalter, with a calendar and related tables, France, 4 th quarter of the 12 th century, British Library, Harley 2895

Tha Labours of the Months, April Psalter of Henry the Lion, Germany, N. W. (Helmarshausen), between c. 1168 and 1189, British Library, Lansdowne 381

Calendar for April, with a border of a courtyard, and a hunting scene with stag and dogs, a roundel of Taurus, and an upper scatter border of flowers, an insect, and birds. Book of Hours, Use of Sarum, Netherlands, S. (Bruges), c. 1500, British Library, King's 9

Will you not come home, brother? you have been long away, It's April, and blossom time, and white is the spray; And bright is the sun, brother, and warm is the rain, Will you not come home, brother, home to us again? John Masefield, The West Wind I have seen dawn and sunset on moors and windy hills Coming in solemn beauty like slow old tunes of Spain: I have seen the lady April bringing the daffodils, Bringing the springing grass and the soft warm April rain. John Masefield, Beauty Monatsbilder Kirche Sta Maria del Castello: April, c. 1560,

The Labours of the Months, April Southern Germany, about 1200 Cologny, Fondation Martin Bodmer, Cod. Bodmer 30

Gerard Horenbout, Alexander & Simon Bening April, Brevarium Grimani, Flemish , c. 1510, Biblioteca Marciana, fol. 5 v Simon Bening, Labors of the Months: April, Flemish Book of Hours Bruges , First half of the 16 th century München, St. B, cod. lat. 23638, fol. 5 v

Again the blackbirds sing; the streams Wake, laughing, from their winter dreams, And tremble in the April showers The tassels of the maple flowers. John Greenleaf Whittier, The Singer Workshop of Simon Bening Calendar scene for April: Courting. (Below) A game resembling rounders. The Golf Book, S. Netherlands (Bruges), 1520 -1530, B. L. Add. 24098

Sweet April time—O cruel April time! Year after year returning, with a brow Of promise, and red lips with longing paled, And backward hidden hands that clutch the joys Of vanished springs, like flowers. Dinah Craik, April. Simon Bening The Labours of the Months, April: Farmyard Scene Da Costa Hours, Belgium, Bruges, ca. 1515 Morgan Library, MS M. 399

Woman seated, wearing headdress, right hand raised, holding mirror or basin in left hand, is surrounded by three men, one offering flowers to her, and another kneeling on ground gathering flowers into his hat (? ), and by two women, one holding garland (? ) above her head with right hand girdle of third man with her left. The Labours of the Months, April , Book of Hours, The Pierpont Morgan Library, MS M. 64 fol. 4 r

Old April wanes, and her last dewy morn Her death bed steeps in tears; to hail the May New blooming blossoms 'neath the sun are born, And all poor April's charms are swept away. John Clare, The Village Minstrel and Other Poems, The Last of April. The Labours of the Months, April: Picking Flowers and Making Wreaths Illuminated around 1500 by the artist Jean Poyer, The Hours of Henry VIII receives its name from the possible but unproven eighteenth-century tradition that holds King Henry of England once owned this splendid manuscript. The Morgan Library. MS H. 8

Labour of the Months, April, Psalter , England, 1 st quarter of the 13 th century, before 1220, British Liberary

The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours, use of Rome Berkeley, University of California, Berkeley, Bancroft Library, UCB 139

Now the noisy winds are still; April's coming up the hill! All the spring is in her train, Led by shining ranks of rain; Pit, patter, clatter, Sudden sun and clatter patter! ***** All things ready with a will, April's coming up the hill! Mary Mapes Dodge, Now the Noisy Winds are Still. The Labours of the Months, April, Le Calendrier des Bergers , 1497 Bibliothèque Nationale de France

The Labours of the Months, April Man, seated on hillock surrounded by trees, tends to object in lap, possibly chaplet. Scene within decorated roundel in lower margin (bas-de-page). Book of hours, "unfinished hours“ , use of Rome, Created: Provence, ca. 1440 -1450, Morgan Library, MS M. 358

Jean Poyet The Labours of the Months, March-April Book of Hours, France, Tours, 1490 -1510 Cambridge, Harvard University, Houghton Library, MS Typ 614

The Labours of the Months, April Within farmyard, woman milks cow with bell around its neck. To right, man pushes sheep out of sheepcote. Shepherd, holding lamb in left hand crozier in right hand, looks on. Flock of sheep and one goat follows second shepherd along path leading from sheepcote. Lamb nurses ewe. Beyond, woman churns butter within farmhouse. To left, second woman follows cattle out of stable beside farmhouse. Cock, hens, and chicks peck ground before farmhouse. Breviary of Eleanor of Portugal, Bruges, Belgium, ca. 1500, Ms. Pierpont Morgan Library. M. 52

Calendar of April Book of Hours, use of Paris San Marino, Huntington Library, HM 01128

The Cycle of the Months, April Saint Paul addressing the Galatians. Church personified. Sign of the zodiac: Taurus. Apostles' Creed: Saint Andrew and the prophet Daniel. Breviary of Martin of Aragon Spain, Catalonia 15 th Century. (BNF, ROTH 2529) fol. 5 v

Calendar of April Book of Hours, use of Paris San Marino, Huntington Library, HM 01147

The Labours of the Months, April Speculum humanae salvationis, "The Mirror of Human Salvation", Germany c. 1430. GKS 79 2°

Calendar of April Book of Hours, use of Paris San Marino, Huntington Library, HM 01168

The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours, use of Rouen France, Rouen, 1485 - 1499 Free Library of Philadelphia, Lewis E 125

Chief Associate of Maître François, The Labours of the Months, April Book of Hours, use of Paris, 1475 -1499 New York, Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, BP. 096

When April winds Grew soft, the maple burst into a flush Of scarlet flowers. The tulip tree, high up, Opened in airs of June her multitude Of golden chalices to humming birds And silken wing'd insects of the sky. William Cullen Bryant, The Fountain. The Labours of the Months, April A woman sitting in a meadow holding flowers; Taurus Book of Hours, Use of Rouen France, Rouen; late 15 th or early 16 th century Bodleian Library, University of Oxford

, שלום לך אני מזמין אותך לבקר באתר המצגות שלי ולהנות ממצגות נוספות אסף פלר , להתראות http: //assaffeller. com The Labours of the Months, April Youth stands holding foliate branch in each hand. Psalter-Hours of Guiluys de Boisleux , Arras, France, 12431246 (Ms. Pierpont Morgan Library. M. 730)