Approach Charts Overview Surface Safety and Departure Safety

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Approach Charts

Approach Charts

Overview • Surface Safety and Departure Safety • Standard Departure Procedures • Takeoff Minimums

Overview • Surface Safety and Departure Safety • Standard Departure Procedures • Takeoff Minimums • Alternate Minimums • SIDs • ODPs • VCOA Departures • RNAV Departures • VFR Departures © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

The Standard IAP • Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) • Allows to descend from enroute

The Standard IAP • Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) • Allows to descend from enroute altitude to a point near runway where landing may be made visually • Comes in 3 types: • Precision Approach • Approach with Vertical Guidance • Nonprecision Approach © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -1

Precision Approach • Navigation system provides: • Course Deviation Information (Lateral) • Glide Path

Precision Approach • Navigation system provides: • Course Deviation Information (Lateral) • Glide Path Deviation Information (Horizontal) • Meets ICAO Annex 10 standards for Precision Approaches • Examples: • Instrument Landing System (ILS) • GPS Landing System (GLS) © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -2

Approach with Vertical Guidance (APV) • Doesn’t meet ICAO Annex 10 standards • Navigation

Approach with Vertical Guidance (APV) • Doesn’t meet ICAO Annex 10 standards • Navigation system provides: • Course Deviation Information (Lateral) • Glide Path Deviation Information (Horizontal) • Examples: • LNAV/VNAV GPS Approach • LPV Approach • LDA with Glide Path © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -2

Nonprecision Approach • Navigation system that provides • Course deviation information • Examples: •

Nonprecision Approach • Navigation system that provides • Course deviation information • Examples: • VOR • NDB • LNAV © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -2

Approach Types • Common • • • ILS Localizer VOR RNAV (GPS) NDB JIC

Approach Types • Common • • • ILS Localizer VOR RNAV (GPS) NDB JIC 7 -2 • Less Common • • • LDA SDF VOR/DME RNAV (RNP) MLS © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Approach Segments JIC 7 -2 • Approach segments are broken down into 5 parts:

Approach Segments JIC 7 -2 • Approach segments are broken down into 5 parts: • Feeder Routes (Transition Routes) • Initial Approach • Intermediate Approach • Final Approach • Missed Approach © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Feeder Routes JIC 7 -3 • Technically not considered an approach segment • Integral

Feeder Routes JIC 7 -3 • Technically not considered an approach segment • Integral part of the approach procedure • Provides transition from enroute structure to approach structure © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Initial Approach Segment • Provides method of aligning with approach course • DME arc

Initial Approach Segment • Provides method of aligning with approach course • DME arc • Procedure Turn • Direct • Begins at Initial Approach Fix (IAF) • Ends at Intermediate Fix (IF) © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -3

Intermediate Approach Segment • Designed to position aircraft for descent • Begins at Intermediate

Intermediate Approach Segment • Designed to position aircraft for descent • Begins at Intermediate Fix (IF) • Ends at Final Approach Fix (FAF) • May have step-down altitudes • Consult profile view © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -4

Final Approach Segment • Navigate safely to a point where landing can be made

Final Approach Segment • Navigate safely to a point where landing can be made • Begins at Final Approach Fix (FAF) • Ends at Missed Approach Point (MAP) © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -5

Missed Approach Segment JIC 7 -5 • Navigate safely to a point where a

Missed Approach Segment JIC 7 -5 • Navigate safely to a point where a second approach can be attempted • Begins at Missed Approach Point (MAP) • Ends at designated point (usually a hold) © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Chart Layout JIC 7 -6 • Heading Section • Communications/Briefing Section • Minimum Safe

Chart Layout JIC 7 -6 • Heading Section • Communications/Briefing Section • Minimum Safe Altitudes • Plan View • Profile View • Airport Plan View © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Heading Section JIC 7 -6 • Identifies • • City Airport Procedure Title Airport

Heading Section JIC 7 -6 • Identifies • • City Airport Procedure Title Airport Identifier • Indicates • Type of approach system • Primary equipment requirements © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Communications Section • Some may call “briefing section” • Identifies • • Comm Info

Communications Section • Some may call “briefing section” • Identifies • • Comm Info Pertinent Remarks When NA Airport Lighting Missed Approach Procedures Approach Course Information Navigation Frequencies © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -9

Minimum Safe Altitudes JIC 7 -11 • Identifies the safe altitude that gives 1000

Minimum Safe Altitudes JIC 7 -11 • Identifies the safe altitude that gives 1000 feet of obstacle clearance • Both in mountainous and non-mountainous • Only provides obstruction clearance • Navigation information not guaranteed • Only to be used for emergencies • Some approaches may not have © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Plan View JIC 7 -12 • Top down view of the approach • Limited

Plan View JIC 7 -12 • Top down view of the approach • Limited terrain information • Use for reference only • May not be 100% accurate • Identifies all fixes and entries • Procedure turns • Holds • Normal Entries © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Profile View JIC 7 -16 • Shows the approach from the side • Identifies

Profile View JIC 7 -16 • Shows the approach from the side • Identifies altitudes • Identifies minimums • MDA (MDH) • DA (DH) • Visibility © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Airport Plan View • Identifies • • • Airport Elevation Touch Down Zone Elevation

Airport Plan View • Identifies • • • Airport Elevation Touch Down Zone Elevation Approach Corridor Airport Lighting Systems Runway Lengths Obstacles © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Obj. Op.

Altitudes Obj. Op. • Decision Altitude (Height) • Minimum Descent Altitude (Height) • Touchdown

Altitudes Obj. Op. • Decision Altitude (Height) • Minimum Descent Altitude (Height) • Touchdown Zone Elevation (TDZE) • Height Above Touchdown (HAT) • Height Above Airport (HAA) • Airport Elevation • Threshold Crossing Height (TCH) © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Decision Altitude JIC 7 -10 DA • DA = MSL • DH = AGL

Decision Altitude JIC 7 -10 DA • DA = MSL • DH = AGL • Only on precision approaches • Where pilots chooses to continue or executes the missed approach • Upon arrival: • Missed • Descend for Landing © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. DH

Minimum Descent Altitude JIC 7 -10 DA • Nonprecision approaches • The minimum altitude

Minimum Descent Altitude JIC 7 -10 DA • Nonprecision approaches • The minimum altitude pilot can descend to on the Final Approach Course • Upon arrival: • Missed • Descend for Landing (only after VDP) • Continue flying to MAP © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. DH

Touchdown Zone Elevation • Highest Elevation in the first 3000 feet of the landing

Touchdown Zone Elevation • Highest Elevation in the first 3000 feet of the landing surface • In a nutshell: • Where the wheels will touch the surface of the approach runway © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -10

Height Above Touchdown • Number in parentheses next to DA or MDA • Concurrent

Height Above Touchdown • Number in parentheses next to DA or MDA • Concurrent with DH or MDH • Formula: • MDA – TDZE = HAT © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -16

Airport Elevation JIC 7 -16 • Elevation of the highest point of all usable

Airport Elevation JIC 7 -16 • Elevation of the highest point of all usable runways • Some charts will list the Airport Reference Point which is where the Lat & Long / Elevation are taken © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Threshold Crossing Height • Altitude at which the threshold is crossed when on the

Threshold Crossing Height • Altitude at which the threshold is crossed when on the glideslope centerline © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -16

Step Down Fixes JIC 7 -18 • Allows the pilot to descend to a

Step Down Fixes JIC 7 -18 • Allows the pilot to descend to a lower altitude to overfly certain obstacles • Must be complied with until FAF, even if glideslope capture © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Visual Descent Point • A stepdown between the FAF and the MAP • Must

Visual Descent Point • A stepdown between the FAF and the MAP • Must be crossed before descent for landing © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -18

Missed Approach Icons • Represent the action to be completed at missed approach •

Missed Approach Icons • Represent the action to be completed at missed approach • MAP is identified by: • Time • Distance • NAVAID Crossing © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -20

Conversion Table JIC 7 -22 • Use the table at the end of your

Conversion Table JIC 7 -22 • Use the table at the end of your TERPs to determine the descent rate needed to maintain glideslope © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Landing Minimums • Straight-In Approach • Landing on approach runway • Circling Approach •

Landing Minimums • Straight-In Approach • Landing on approach runway • Circling Approach • Landing on a runway other than the approach runway • Side-Step Maneuver • Landing on an adjacent runway © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -23

Approach Categories • Aircraft are placed in categories according to their approach speed (VREF)

Approach Categories • Aircraft are placed in categories according to their approach speed (VREF) • Aircraft without a VREF use the following formula: • 1. 3 x (VSO) • These aircraft also have circling approach radii (distance to stay within airport) © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -23

Descent Below Minimums 91. 175 Prescribes when descent can be made 1. Aircraft is

Descent Below Minimums 91. 175 Prescribes when descent can be made 1. Aircraft is in position to make a normal landing 2. Runway Environment* in sight 3. Flight visibility is not less than that prescribed for the approach © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -24

Runway Environment • • • Approach Lights (only to 100 feet*) Threshold Markings Threshold

Runway Environment • • • Approach Lights (only to 100 feet*) Threshold Markings Threshold Lights REILs VASI Touchdown Zone Markings TDZL Runway or Markings Runway Lights © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. JIC 7 -24

The 100 -foot Rule Obj. Op. • If a pilot has the approach lighting

The 100 -foot Rule Obj. Op. • If a pilot has the approach lighting system in sight (ALS) they may descend to 100 feet below minimums (or 100 foot below MDH) whichever is less • If they continue below and do not make contact with the remainder of the runway environment, the pilot must execute a missed approach © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Inoperative Components JIC 7 -24 • Landing Minimums increase when required component becomes inoperative

Inoperative Components JIC 7 -24 • Landing Minimums increase when required component becomes inoperative • Must increase to highest value if more than one component inop • Inop Components Chart found in beginning of TERPs © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

References • JIC Jeppesen Instrument/Commercial: Guided Flight Discovery • Obj. Op. Objective Opinion •

References • JIC Jeppesen Instrument/Commercial: Guided Flight Discovery • Obj. Op. Objective Opinion • 14 CFR Federal Aviation Regulations © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.