Applying CA Institutional talk Institutional talk Institutional talk
![Applying CA: Institutional talk Applying CA: Institutional talk](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-1.jpg)
![Institutional talk • Institutional talk relates to talk that constitutes particular work- or task-oriented Institutional talk • Institutional talk relates to talk that constitutes particular work- or task-oriented](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-2.jpg)
![Institutional talk • Institutional talk is characterised in a number of ways. – In Institutional talk • Institutional talk is characterised in a number of ways. – In](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-3.jpg)
![Turn-taking in institutional settings • In institutional contexts, differences can be observed in the Turn-taking in institutional settings • In institutional contexts, differences can be observed in the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-4.jpg)
![Turn-type pre-allocation • Turn-type pre-allocation: what participants are able to say is determined by Turn-type pre-allocation • Turn-type pre-allocation: what participants are able to say is determined by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-5.jpg)
![Turn-type pre-allocation Turn-type pre-allocation](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-6.jpg)
![Turn-type pre-allocation • The pre-allocation of turn types restricts who can speak and what Turn-type pre-allocation • The pre-allocation of turn types restricts who can speak and what](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-7.jpg)
![Turn-type pre-allocation and control • Determining how a non-members contribution will be understood. Turn-type pre-allocation and control • Determining how a non-members contribution will be understood.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-8.jpg)
![Turn-type pre-allocation • Determining what non-members can say Turn-type pre-allocation • Determining what non-members can say](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-9.jpg)
![Turn-type pre-allocation • The restriction of the turn-types used by institutional members can be Turn-type pre-allocation • The restriction of the turn-types used by institutional members can be](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-10.jpg)
![Turn allocation mechanisms • Turn-talking may be mediated: one participant determines the operation of Turn allocation mechanisms • Turn-talking may be mediated: one participant determines the operation of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-11.jpg)
![• Turn allocation mechanisms: meetings In large, formal meetings a designated chair may • Turn allocation mechanisms: meetings In large, formal meetings a designated chair may](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-12.jpg)
![Turn allocation mechanisms: classrooms • In large group work in classrooms, teachers control the Turn allocation mechanisms: classrooms • In large group work in classrooms, teachers control the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-13.jpg)
![Turn allocation mechanisms: classrooms • In large group work in classrooms, teachers control the Turn allocation mechanisms: classrooms • In large group work in classrooms, teachers control the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-14.jpg)
![Structure of institutional interactions • Structure is a feature of all interactions, but in Structure of institutional interactions • Structure is a feature of all interactions, but in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-15.jpg)
![Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – Openings begin by collecting information Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – Openings begin by collecting information](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-16.jpg)
![Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – Openings move to the purpose Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – Openings move to the purpose](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-17.jpg)
![Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – The opening then moves to Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – The opening then moves to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-18.jpg)
- Slides: 18
![Applying CA Institutional talk Applying CA: Institutional talk](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-1.jpg)
Applying CA: Institutional talk
![Institutional talk Institutional talk relates to talk that constitutes particular work or taskoriented Institutional talk • Institutional talk relates to talk that constitutes particular work- or task-oriented](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-2.jpg)
Institutional talk • Institutional talk relates to talk that constitutes particular work- or task-oriented settings. – The setting itself does not characterise talk as institutional: it is the identities that people adopt in settings. – The setting imposes constraints on what can be done and how. – In institutional settings institutional identities are created and carried out through talk.
![Institutional talk Institutional talk is characterised in a number of ways In Institutional talk • Institutional talk is characterised in a number of ways. – In](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-3.jpg)
Institutional talk • Institutional talk is characterised in a number of ways. – In institutional talk there is an orientation to some core task, goal or identity which is associated with the institutional setting in question. – Institutional talk involves special and particular constraints on what participants consider to be allowable contributions to the interaction. – Institutional talk may be associated with inferential procedures particular to the institution.
![Turntaking in institutional settings In institutional contexts differences can be observed in the Turn-taking in institutional settings • In institutional contexts, differences can be observed in the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-4.jpg)
Turn-taking in institutional settings • In institutional contexts, differences can be observed in the way in which the turn-taking systems operate. • These differences are consequential for the functioning of the institution as an institution. • The main differences in turn-taking are: – Turn-type pre-allocation – Turn allocation mechanisms
![Turntype preallocation Turntype preallocation what participants are able to say is determined by Turn-type pre-allocation • Turn-type pre-allocation: what participants are able to say is determined by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-5.jpg)
Turn-type pre-allocation • Turn-type pre-allocation: what participants are able to say is determined by the institutional setting rather than being locally managed by participants. – in courtrooms, witnesses and suspects are restricted to answering questions; – in interviews, interviewees are restricted to answering questions; – in school classrooms, at least at some points in a lesson, students are restricted to answering teachers’ questions.
![Turntype preallocation Turn-type pre-allocation](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-6.jpg)
Turn-type pre-allocation
![Turntype preallocation The preallocation of turn types restricts who can speak and what Turn-type pre-allocation • The pre-allocation of turn types restricts who can speak and what](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-7.jpg)
Turn-type pre-allocation • The pre-allocation of turn types restricts who can speak and what can be said. • The restrictions of participation found in such settings: – give institutional members control over the ways in which the interaction can proceed; – allow institutional members to determine the ways in which non-members can participate; – allow institutional members to determine how nonmembers contributions are to be understood.
![Turntype preallocation and control Determining how a nonmembers contribution will be understood Turn-type pre-allocation and control • Determining how a non-members contribution will be understood.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-8.jpg)
Turn-type pre-allocation and control • Determining how a non-members contribution will be understood.
![Turntype preallocation Determining what nonmembers can say Turn-type pre-allocation • Determining what non-members can say](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-9.jpg)
Turn-type pre-allocation • Determining what non-members can say
![Turntype preallocation The restriction of the turntypes used by institutional members can be Turn-type pre-allocation • The restriction of the turn-types used by institutional members can be](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-10.jpg)
Turn-type pre-allocation • The restriction of the turn-types used by institutional members can be seen as a consequence of their institutional roles and identities: • E. g. – News interviewers do not produce certain actions: making statements, producing evaluations or making routine acknowledgements. – The removal of such turns positions the interviewer as an institutional elicitor of information not an individual engaged in interaction with another.
![Turn allocation mechanisms Turntalking may be mediated one participant determines the operation of Turn allocation mechanisms • Turn-talking may be mediated: one participant determines the operation of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-11.jpg)
Turn allocation mechanisms • Turn-talking may be mediated: one participant determines the operation of speaker change. • Such turn-taking systems are found in – Meetings: the chair controls who speaks and when – Classrooms: the teacher determines who speaks and when. • The control of the interaction – allows the interaction to be a jointly attended production of a single sequence of talk; – allows for orderly speaker change.
![Turn allocation mechanisms meetings In large formal meetings a designated chair may • Turn allocation mechanisms: meetings In large, formal meetings a designated chair may](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-12.jpg)
• Turn allocation mechanisms: meetings In large, formal meetings a designated chair may control the turn- taking structure. • The ordering of speakers may be done by: – having possible next speakers bid for a next turn during the current turn. – having the chair declare the order of speakers.
![Turn allocation mechanisms classrooms In large group work in classrooms teachers control the Turn allocation mechanisms: classrooms • In large group work in classrooms, teachers control the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-13.jpg)
Turn allocation mechanisms: classrooms • In large group work in classrooms, teachers control the turntaking structure. – By allocating turns – By selecting bidders for the floor
![Turn allocation mechanisms classrooms In large group work in classrooms teachers control the Turn allocation mechanisms: classrooms • In large group work in classrooms, teachers control the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-14.jpg)
Turn allocation mechanisms: classrooms • In large group work in classrooms, teachers control the turntaking structure. – If the teacher does not select a next speaker, then the teacher normally continues to be the current speaker. – Students who wish to become the next speaker must bid for a turn.
![Structure of institutional interactions Structure is a feature of all interactions but in Structure of institutional interactions • Structure is a feature of all interactions, but in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-15.jpg)
Structure of institutional interactions • Structure is a feature of all interactions, but in institutional talk particular formats are found which relate to the institutional nature of the talk. • E. g. , in police interviews: – There are three main sections: • opening, • information gathering • and closing – Each of these parts of the interview orients to particular institutional needs.
![Structure of institutional interactions Opening police interviews Openings begin by collecting information Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – Openings begin by collecting information](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-16.jpg)
Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – Openings begin by collecting information about the suspect/witness
![Structure of institutional interactions Opening police interviews Openings move to the purpose Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – Openings move to the purpose](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-17.jpg)
Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – Openings move to the purpose of the interview. – This is followed by a statement of rights and confirmation of these.
![Structure of institutional interactions Opening police interviews The opening then moves to Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – The opening then moves to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c83e73535cb1b6ae3ec1b3e2cc3bb8ba/image-18.jpg)
Structure of institutional interactions • Opening police interviews: – The opening then moves to information gathering by detailing events of a crime.
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