Applied Sensor Technology Outline Introduction Examples of Sensors

Applied Sensor Technology

Outline • Introduction • Examples of Sensors • Basic readout electronics • Semiconductor detectors

Introduction • A sensor measure various physical parameters – – – – Motion Height, weight and volume Pressure, Tensile stress Temperature Flow Irradiation Energy ………

Introduction • Why do we need sensors?

Introduction Elements of a measurement system

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction • Sensor Characteristics –Accuracy –Calibration –Dead-zone –Drift –Error –Hysteresis –Lag –Linearity –Operating life –Precision • Sensor Characteristics –Range –Rating –Reliability –Repeatability –Reproducibility –Response –Resolution –Sensitivity –Stability –Static error –Tolerance

Introduction

Examples of Sensors • Resistance Strain Gauge –Measure change in size of a solid object, due to the object being strained.

Examples of Sensors • Measuring volume in a fuel tank 1 2

Examples of Sensors • Piezoelectric pressure sensor –Mechanical pressure –Gas pressure

Examples of Sensors • Audio (change in air pressure) –Recording –Mixing (Signal processing)

Examples of Sensors • Temperature measurement, thermocouple element

Examples of Sensors • Temperature measurement by heat radiation

Basic readout electronics • Purpose –Amplify small signal from the sensor –Signal processing to suppress noise

Basic readout electronics • Operational amplifier –Voltage Comparator –Voltage amplifier • Inverting • Non-inverting

Basic readout electronics • Operational amplifier –Differential amplifier –Instrumentation amplifier

Basic readout electronics • Operational amplifier –Voltage amplifier –Current amplifier –Charge sensitive amp.

Semiconductor detectors

Semiconductor detectors

Semiconductor detectors

Semiconductor detectors

Semiconductor detectors

Semiconductor detectors Lateral photoeffect PSD L i 1 hv Xc i 2 0 P+ eh eh n-type Si substrate e h n+ Al • Low non linearity ~0. 1% • Independent of light spot focus • Simple calculation of the position Si. O 2

Applied Sensor Technology • Semiconductor physics • Semiconductor processing • Analog Electronics • http: //apachepersonal. miun. se/~gorthu/AST/