Applied Ethics Section 1 The Reemergence of Applied

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Applied Ethics Section 1 The Re-emergence of Applied Ethics 1

Applied Ethics Section 1 The Re-emergence of Applied Ethics 1

Applied Ethics n n In recent decades, many ethicists have studied the practical implications

Applied Ethics n n In recent decades, many ethicists have studied the practical implications of ethics in a wide range of fields. Philosophical reasoning is applied to practical issues in an attempt to clarify them & sometimes to defend or justify stances. 2

Applied Ethics n n Applied ethics, a traditional practice among philosophers, disappeared from the

Applied Ethics n n Applied ethics, a traditional practice among philosophers, disappeared from the main centres of Anglo-Saxon philosophy for some six decades in the early 20 th century. Meta-ethics (a branch of ethics) took centre stage during that period. 3

Re-emergence Philosophical & non-philosophical factors promoted the re-emergence of applied ethics. Philosophical factors: n

Re-emergence Philosophical & non-philosophical factors promoted the re-emergence of applied ethics. Philosophical factors: n n Meta-ethical naturalism John Rawls’s revival of contract theory. Non-philosophical factors: n n Ecological concerns Responses to the Vietnam War. 4

Fields of Ethics n Ethics was applied, from the 1970 s onwards, not only

Fields of Ethics n Ethics was applied, from the 1970 s onwards, not only to medicine & war but also to themes of social development & the environment. 5

Further Fields n Further fields have been those of obligations to future generations &

Further Fields n Further fields have been those of obligations to future generations & of population ethics. 6

Exercise n Can you think of some applied issues surrounding obligations to future generations

Exercise n Can you think of some applied issues surrounding obligations to future generations & population ethics? 7

Future Generations n Possible obligations to future generations include the Just Savings Principle (suggested

Future Generations n Possible obligations to future generations include the Just Savings Principle (suggested by Rawls) & the Equal Resources Principle (suggested by Brian Barry). 8

Derek Parfit n Proposes that we address the Non-Identity Problem (duties seemingly cannot be

Derek Parfit n Proposes that we address the Non-Identity Problem (duties seemingly cannot be owed to the unidentifiable people of the future) by accepting duties with regard to whoever there will be. 9

To Consider n n Think about the kind of obligations that current people have

To Consider n n Think about the kind of obligations that current people have towards their successors. Also, consider whether or not the Non-Identity Problem is an obstacle to acceptance of obligations towards future people. 10

Population Ethics n Population policies, rather than being coercive, should be integrated with policies

Population Ethics n Population policies, rather than being coercive, should be integrated with policies of development (as discussed in the Section on Development Ethics). 11

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