Application of biobased plastics as food packaging material
Application of biobased plastics as food packaging material Dr. ir. Nanou Peelman International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 1
Introduction Why use food packaging? • Roles of food packaging: Ø Ø Containment Protection Communication Convenience • Prevention of food loss! (huge environmental impact) • Food packaging ↑ Increased use of raw materials International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 2
Introduction Interest in bioplastics among stakeholders in the food industry BUT lack of knowledge on their performance hinders succesfull introduction AIM of this research: can biobased plastics replace conventional plastics as a food packaging material? Barrier properties International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 3
Barrier properties • O 2 + CO 2 barrier: Ø MAP (modified atmosphere) ü Delay or inhibit growth microorganisms ü Delay chemical degradation • H 2 O barrier: Ø Avoid dehydration (fresh products) Ø Water permeation (e. g. loss of crispness) International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 4
Barrier properties of biobased plastics O 2 -barrier Cellulose + H 2 O-barrier - Starch + PLA - PHA + - ± ± Barrier properties can be improved by: Use of multilayers Monolayer Multilayer Use of coatings (e. g. metal layer) Without coating International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 With coating 5
Characterization barrier properties (commercial) multilayer biobased plastics Oxygen permeability Moisture permeability 900 250 800 WVTR (g/m². d) 600 500 400 300 200 0 100 llu lo se /s ta Pa rc pe h r/ Al Ox /P LA Ce llu lo se Ce /P LA llu lo se /s ta rc Xy h lo se /p ap er PH Bba se d PL Aba se d A PL M se d ba d PL A- M PH Bba se PL A A Al Ox / Pa pe r/ M PL h rc ta se /s Ce llu lo lo se / PL A pe r llu Ce Xy lo se / pa ta rc h 0 /s lo se llu Ce 150 50 100 M 200 Ce OTR (cc/m². d) 700 Large variations → biobased plastics with barrier properties for different types of food products exist International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 6
Storage tests: selection of food products H 2 O International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 O 2 7
Selection of materials Selection was made by participating (food) companies Selection based on the technical specifications of their current conventional material • Good performance • No need for testing (expensive and time-consuming) Many biobased plastics International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 8
Storage tests with lower barrier materials Food Product Short shelf life (refrigerated storage) Rumsteak (MAP) Medium shelf life (refrigerated storage) Ham sausage (MAP) Long shelf life (ambient storage) Tortilla chips (Air) Selected packaging material PLA tray + Cellulose/PLA Cellulose/starch Mcellulose/starch PLA tray + Cellulose/PLA tray + Paper/Al. Ox/PLA Cellulose/M/PLA Mcellulose/starch Cellulose/starch International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 9
Storage tests • Packed in biobased package(s) and in conventional package • Follow up during shelf-life: Ø Ø Ø Gas headspace (if MAP) Microbial growth Lipid oxidation Color Sensorial evaluation (taste, odor, color, …) International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 10
Oxygen barrier 1. Rumpsteak Material Cellulose/PLA 11, 0 ± 0, 2 (75% RH) PLA tray 46, 8 ± 1, 1 (50% RH) PET/CPP + PP tray 2. Ham Sausage OTR (cc/m². d) Material 3 (50% RH) OTR (cc/m². d) Cellulose/PLA 11, 0 ± 0, 2 (75% RH) Paper/Alox/PLA 45, 7 ± 2, 7 (75% RH) PET/EVOH/PE <8 PLA tray APET/LDPE tray 46, 8 ± 1, 1 (50% RH) 20, 6 ± 0, 5 International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 11
e. g. Ham sausage O 2 -concentration 2. 0 Reference Paper/Al. Ox/PLA ------------------------------------ 1. 5 % O 2 Cellulose-starch/PLA 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 0 5 10 15 20 Day 25 30 35 40 Oxygen concentration never exceeds the maximal limit applied by the industrial partner International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 12
Lipid oxidation parameters Peroxide Value (primary oxidation product) 8 6 4 2 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 FFA (g FFA/100 g Fat) Malondialdehyde (secondary oxidation product) 5 MDA (µg/g product) PO (meq O 2/kg fat) 10 10 20 Day 30 0 40 10 20 Day 30 40 Free fatty acid (rancidity) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 Day 30 40 International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 13
Conclusion: rumpsteak and ham sausage In comparison with current conventional packaging: • • • Gas headspace Microbial growth Lipid oxidation Color Sensorial evaluation Ø Taste Ø Odor Ø Color International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 14
Moisture barrier properties: Tortilla chips In comparison with current conventional packaging: • Moisture uptake • Lipid oxidation • Sensorial evaluation → preference biobased packaging International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 15
Conclusions • Quality of various food products can be guaranteed • MAP • Light transparency International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 16
Conclusions Rice and pasta - Lima Coffee - Bastinpack Meat products – Ter Beke International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 17
Conclusions Biobased plastics with lower barrier properties than the current packaging materials can also guarantee the quality during shelf-life (overpacking? ) New Project: Opti. Barrier (www. pack 4 food. com) Case-by -ase approach is needed! International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 18
Acknowledgements • IWT • Participating companies • Participating research institutes • Prof. Dr. Dirk Poelman (Lumi. Lab) International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 19
Conclusions Thank you! International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 20
Barrier properties: storage tests International conference and exhibition on Biopolymers and Bioplastics 10 -12/08/2015 21
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