Appendicular Skeleton Bones of limbs Thoracic limbs front

Appendicular Skeleton • Bones of limbs. – Thoracic limbs (front leg) • • Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpal bones Metacarpal bones Phalanges – Pelvic Limbs (back leg) • Pelvis • • • – Ilium – Ischium – pubis Femur Tibia Fibula Tarsal bones Metatarsal bones Phalanges

Appendicular Skeleton (limb bones) Thoracic Limb • • • Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpal bones (carpus) Metacarpal bones • Phalanges

• Most proximal bone of the thoracic limb. • Flat and triangular. • Has prominent ridge on lateral surface referred to as the _______. • The distal end forms portion of ball and socket shoulder joint called the _______ cavity. Scapula

• Long bone of upper arm/brachium • Articulates with the _____ proximally and the _______ and _______ distally • Has head at proximal end with a large greater tubercle for muscle attachment. • Condyle at distal end is composed of trochlea (medial/ulna), capitulum (lateral, radius), medial and lateral epicondyles (medial and lateral/ no articulations) • _______ fossa is proximal to the condyles on the caudal surface of the humerus Humerus • Is not the “funny bone”

• • One of two bones that form the antebrachium. Proximally, forms major portion of elbow joint with distal end of the ______. Articulates distally with the ____ (except in the horse). Point of the elbow = olecranon process • Trochlear _____: concave articular surface that makes elbow secure. – Proximal end of trochlear notch forms a beak-shaped _______ process. • tucks into the olecranon process of the humerus – Distal end of trochlear notch forms the two ________ processes. • Styloid process forms the distal end of the ulna. Ulna

Radius • Main weight bearing bone of the antebrachium. • Articulates with _____ and ulna proximally, and the _______ distally. – ______process articulates with carpus.

Carpal Bones • Carpus has _______ rows of bones. • Is the “_______” of the most animals, knee of horses • Proximal row bones have names – radial carpal bone, intermediate carpal (if present) ulnar carpal bone, accessory carpal bone • Distal row bones numbered medial to lateral: – (1 st carpal, 2 nd carpal, etc)

• Articulate proximally with the carpal bones and distally with the phalanges of the digits. • Numbered from _____ to _____ (dewclaw being number 1 in dogs and cats). • Horses have one large metacarpal III bone (_____ bone) and two nonweight bearing metacarpal II & IV bones (______ bones). • Cattle have fused metacarpal bones (III & IV) with a groove dividing them Metacarpal Bones

EQUINE BOVINE

Phalanges (singular = phalanx) • Each digit is made up of two or three_______ (proximal, middle, distal) • In horses phalanges are also called the long and short pastern bones and coffin bone. • Horses and cattle have proximal and distal sesamoid bones. – Distal sesamoid in horse = navicular bone • Horses have one weight-bearing digit (III) and cattle have two (III & IV) • Dogs and cats have an _______ crest that surrounds the claw.

EQUINE PHALANGES LONG PASTERN SHORT PASTERN COFFIN BONE