Apologetics Part I Naturalism Apologetics Are l Effective

Apologetics Are… l Effective Christianity l “But sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts,

Apologetics Are… l Intimidating! Praying at the same time for us as well, that

Defining Terms Naturalism Materialism, agnosticism, skepticism, atheism, etc. “No God”

Defining Terms Naturalism Materialism, agnosticism, skepticism, atheism, etc. “No God” Pantheism Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism,

Defining Terms Man Naturalism “No God” Pantheism “One-ism” Theism Personal God Animism Many spirits

Defining Terms Man Naturalism “No God” Chance Collection of Molecules Pantheism At one with

Defining Terms Man Naturalism “No God” Chance Collection of Molecules Truth Relies on empricism

Why Does God Exist? l The Teleological Argument: l Design implies a Designer. “Purposeful

Why Does God Exist? l The Teleological Argument: l Design l implies a Designer.

Inorganic to Organic Life: The Complication (NASA) 20 of 24 Amino acids are required.

7, 000 Atoms 400 Amino Acids Grouped into Peptides

Only one Amino Acid out of sequence: sicle cell anemia

Feasibility Study: Coppage’s Assumptions l l Primitive atmosphere: “pre-biotic soup” All 20 necessary amino

Total Assemblies: 10^41 st sets of amino acids (earth’s crust & atmosphere atoms as

Chances for 10^75 th Assemblies Resulting in 1 Useful Protein? l l l Only

Chances for 10^75 th Assemblies Resulting in 1 Useful Protein? 10^161 st chance of

How Much Time Required to Assemble 1 Useful Protein? l 10 ^ 171 st

How long is 10^171 Years? l Consider an Amoeba. l It’s a s-l-o-o-w Amoeba,

How long is 10^171 Years? l l l Sliding along a string the length

How long is 10^171 Years? That slow Amoeba could move 10^64 universes across that

A Living Single-Cell Contains Thousands of proteins organized into dozens of organelles. l True

The Probability for Spontaneous Inorganic->Organic Evolution: “An honest man, armed with all the knowledge

Romans 1: 19 -21 “that which is known about God is evident within them;

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Apologetics Part I - Naturalism

Apologetics Are… l Effective Christianity l “But sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence. ” 1 Peter 3: 15 (NASB-U) l Persuasion l l “Therefore, knowing the fear of the Lord, we persuade men” - 2 Cor. 5: 11 (NASB-U) Preceeded by the message of Grace: l Now all these things are from God, who reconciled us to Himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation, [19] namely, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, not counting their trespasses against them, and He has committed to us the word of reconciliation. 2 Cor. 5: 18 -19 (NASB-U)

Apologetics Are… l Intimidating! Praying at the same time for us as well, that God will open up to us a door for the word, so that we may speak forth the mystery of Christ, for which I have also been imprisoned; [4] that I may make it clear in the way I ought to speak. - Col. 4: 3 -4 (NASB-U)

Defining Terms Naturalism Materialism, agnosticism, skepticism, atheism, etc. “No God”

Defining Terms Naturalism Materialism, agnosticism, skepticism, atheism, etc. “No God” Pantheism Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, New “One-ism” Age: Everything is spiritual…a force

Defining Terms Naturalism Materialism, agnosticism, skepticism, atheism, etc. “No God” Pantheism Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, New “One-ism” Age: Everything is spiritual…a force Theism Christianity, Judaism, Islam Personal God Created the World: important, but temporary

Defining Terms Man Naturalism “No God” Pantheism “One-ism” Theism Personal God Animism Many spirits Chance Collection of Molecules

Defining Terms Man Naturalism “No God” Chance Collection of Molecules Pantheism At one with “One-ism” the universe Goal: Nirvana Theism Personal God Animism Many spirits

Defining Terms Man Naturalism “No God” Chance Collection of Molecules Pantheism At one with “One-ism” the universe Goal: Nirvana Personal, Personal God Eternal, Biological Theism Animism Many spirits

Defining Terms Man Naturalism “No God” Chance Collection of Molecules Pantheism At one with “One-ism” the universe Truth Relies on empricism Senses+Logic Experience Unity w/ Goal: Nirvana Universe Personal, Personal God Eternal, Biological Theism Animism Many spirits A Creature w/ “special” relationships

Defining Terms Man Naturalism “No God” Chance Collection of Molecules Truth Relies on empricism Senses+Logic Pantheism At one with “One-ism” the universe Experience Unity w/ Goal: Nirvana Universe Personal, Personal God Eternal, Biological Theism Animism Many spirits A Creature w/ “special” relationships Revelation from God and science

Why Does God Exist? l The Teleological Argument: l Design implies a Designer. “Purposeful development, as in nature or history, toward a final end. ” - The American Heritage Dictionary

Why Does God Exist? l The Teleological Argument: l Design l implies a Designer. Counter-Arguments: l It could be natural law, or just chance. l “Design” is an arbitrary term. Not scie for ntis ts!

Why Does God Exist? l The Teleological Argument: l Design l implies a Designer. Counter-Arguments: l It could be natural law, or just chance. W l “Design” is an arbitrary term. ha TH t a IS bo ? ? ut !

Inorganic Evolution

Inorganic to Organic Life: The Complication (NASA) 20 of 24 Amino acids are required. l 145 Different Protein Molecules are Required to sustain life. l A Single Protein Molecule is: l l. A Precise arrangement of Amino Acids l “The length of the average protein in the smallest known living cell is at least 400 amino acid lengths containing more than 7, 000 atoms. ” - James Coppage, “Evolution: Possible or Impossible? ” Zondervan, 1975

An Inorganic Molecule: H 20

7, 000 Atoms 400 Amino Acids Grouped into Peptides

Only one Amino Acid out of sequence: sicle cell anemia

Feasibility Study: Coppage’s Assumptions l l Primitive atmosphere: “pre-biotic soup” All 20 necessary amino acids have already formed l l l In the correct proportions required. All in the Left-Handed configuration. Only 400 required (7, 000 atoms). All the atoms in the earth’s atmosphere and crust are already converted into amino acids for use. Protected from ultra-violet light They automatically assemble: l l l 1 Substitution in the 400 -link Chain Allowed Rate of formation: 1/10^15 per second (normally 3 -5 seconds) Immediately reassemble

Total Assemblies: 10^41 st sets of amino acids (earth’s crust & atmosphere atoms as amino acids) 100, 000, 000, 000, 000 x 10^24 th assemblies per set per year 10, 000, 000, 000 = 10^65 th annual assemblies. 1, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 x 5, 000, 000 Years (earth is 5 billion yrs old) = 10^75 th total assemblies (rounded up) 10, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000

Chances for 10^75 th Assemblies Resulting in 1 Useful Protein? l l l Only 1: 10^240 th Combinations = 1 usable protein. 1: 10^236 th - allowing 1 out-of-sequence amino acids. BUT: There’s only 10^75 th assemblies since the earth began! 10^161 st chance of 1 “hit” (10^236 th ÷ 10^75 th)

Chances for 10^75 th Assemblies Resulting in 1 Useful Protein? 10^161 st chance of 1 “hit” 1: 1, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 0 00, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 l Ohio Lottery: 1: 10, 000

How Much Time Required to Assemble 1 Useful Protein? l 10 ^ 171 st Years (10^236 th combinations ÷ 10^75 th annual assemblies) 10, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 YEARS

How long is 10^171 Years? l Consider an Amoeba. l It’s a s-l-o-o-w Amoeba, travelling 1 inch per year. l It carries just 1 atom on its back. . .

How long is 10^171 Years? l l l Sliding along a string the length of the universe, at 1 inch per year… Turning around, and carrying the atom back again on that string. . . How much material could this Amoeba move in 10^171 years?

How long is 10^171 Years? That slow Amoeba could move 10^64 universes across that string and back. l l l (An estimated 5 x 10^78 atoms in the universe… 15 billion light-years across = (2 x 10^28 years at 1 inch /yr) In 10^107 years he moves the mass of 1 universe.

A Living Single-Cell Contains Thousands of proteins organized into dozens of organelles. l True for every living cell. l Humans have billions of these cells. l

The Probability for Spontaneous Inorganic->Organic Evolution: “An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us now, could only state that in some sense, “If the origin of life appears at the moment to the probability of an event is infinitely slight, it is be almost a miracle, manyimpossibility are the conditions equivalent to theso practical of which would havewithin hadcertain to have happening timebeen limits. ”satisfied to Joseph Louis Comte Lagrange get it going. ” Francis Crick, Life Itself l An extreme faith position: believing in the impossible.

Romans 1: 19 -21 “that which is known about God is evident within them; for God made it evident to them. [20] For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse. [21] For even though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened. ”