API SC 13TG 6 Testing of Heavy Brines

API SC 13/TG 6 Testing of Heavy Brines 2018 Exploration & Production Winter Standards Meeting January 23, 2018 San Antonio, TX TG # 6

Agenda TG-6: Testing of Heavy Brines TG Charges Roll Call Previous Meeting Minutes – Approval Active Work Group Updates WG-7 Displacements (Chair - Ed Rapp) WG-10 CRA Testing Program JIP (Chair – Paul Agosta) WG-11 Emulsion Technology (Co-chairs – Gianna Pietrangeli, Katrina Schultz) Old Business New Business Next Scheduled Meeting Action Items Adjourn TG # 6

TG– 6 Testing of Heavy Brines Charge Recommend, develop and evaluate procedures for field and laboratory testing of heavy brines Update, revise and expand API RP-13 J, “Testing of Heavy Brines” Form Work Groups to achieve specific charges TG # 6

TG-6 Members / Roll Call 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Judy Guy-Caffey Ryan van Zanten Kim Burrows David Ekas Brent Estes Bill Foxenberg Gabe Little Michael Otto Ali Taq TETRA Technologies, Chair Shell, Vice-Chair Halliburton Chevron MI-Schlumberger ICL Baker Hughes Saudi Aramco TG # 6

Previous Meeting Minutes Meeting in Calgary, AB Telus Convention Center Summer Standards Meeting June 28, 2017 TG # 6

Approval of Previous Minutes Motion: __ Maker: __ Second: __ Result: __ TG # 6

WG-7 Displacements Chair: Ed Rapp (TETRA Technologies) Charge: Evaluate the efficacy of laboratory test protocols to clean NAF from a steel surface, [and] develop evaluation parameters and a method suitable for industry use in displacement operations Member Company Glenn Baccigalopi Baker Hughes Robert Hynds Hess JJ Barton Mayco Bryan Klumpyan OFI Jonathan Brege Shell Shane Motty TETRA Technologies Marshall Chiasson Baker Hughes Rory Oncale Rigchem Phil Colligan Rigchem Mike Rhodes Abrado Jackie Cook TETRA Technologies Kevin Rodrigue Halliburton Elliott David BP Katrina Schultz TETRA Technologies Larry Deen Halliburton Keith Sharp Helen Doan TETRA Technologies Rachel Sun TETRA Technologies Shane Dunbar Halliburton Neil Trotter Chevron Bill Foxenberg MI-Schlumberger Dan Vollmer Baker Hughes TG # 6

Feb 2017 Minutes - Highlights Committee Strategy Standardize current test methodology Develop more representative test methods Current Sleeve Set for Round Robin Testing needs to be replaced Need to develop Sleeve Specifications Closed end Carbon Steel Stamped End – avoid dissimilar metals Scribe line ½” above water line Maintain finish with 20 grit sand paper Need Sleeves for all existing participant equipment TG # 6

Feb 2017 Minutes - Highlights Round-robin Test Protocol Needed Improvement Standardized cup materials and dimensions Add Baseline Clean-up test DI Water Test in triplicate Test on 10% MD surfactant only (no solvent) in DI water (Test in triplicate) Test Duration 10 minutes Define procedures for handling and storage of sleeves TG # 6

Feb 2017 Minutes - Highlights Develop Displacement Spacer Compatibility Test Protocol TG # 6

Current Status Round Robin Testing Phase II Participating companies: Abrado, Baker Hughes, Halliburton, M-I SLB, TETRA Technologies Revised Test Protocol To Be Finalized Need new Displacement Sleeves Need new Mud Sample Spacer Compatibility Develop Test Method Identify Barriers TG # 6

Current Status Meeting planned for week of Feb. 6 Review status Develop go forward plan Assign Action Items and Due Dates Meeting Schedule As needed Minimum: Every Three Months TG # 6

WG-10 CRA Testing Program JIP Chair: Paul Agosta (Baker Hughes) Charge: Implement and monitor the API CRA Testing Program (various CRAs in contaminated brines). Members: Aramco, Baker Hughes, Cabot Specialty Fluids, Conoco. Phillips, Exxon. Mobil, ICL-IP, Halliburton Energy Services, Marathon, M-I SWACO, Schlumberger, Shell International E&P Inc. , Nippon Steel - Sumitomo Metal, Synergy Fluids, TETRA Technologies, Inc. Participation: $10, 000/funding year – Not seeking new members currently TG # 6

WG-10 CRA Testing Program JIP 2017 Activities: Halide Brines Test Summary issued as an API Technical Report (TR) in December 2017. A separate TR will be issued on the Formate Brines Test Summary this year. Color-coded charts (domain diagrams) are being finalized by the JIP membership to summarize the JIP testing along with test results from literature. The charts are coded to show where test failures have and have not occurred, and where data is not conclusive. TG # 6

WG-10 CRA Testing Program JIP 2018 Plan: Current gaps in data/testing have been analyzed and voting was proposed to finalize spending on additional testing to close gaps – or testing for new brine issues Formate brines have been separated from halide brines and will have their own spreadsheet summarizing literature and JIP test data Once voting is finished, additional testing to be performed Progress was slow in 2017 – several reasons TG # 6

WG-11 Emulsion Technology Co-Chairs: Gianna Pietrangeli (Flotek Chemistry) and Katrina Schultz (TETRA Technologies, Inc. ) Charge: Establish a laboratory method or methods to evaluate the tendency to form emulsions or sludge when drilling, completing, fracturing or treating fluids that will contact formation fluids. TG # 6

WG-11 Emulsion Technology Members Member Ali A-Taq Erna Kakadjian Dustin Palm Sandra Berry Ron Powell Tom Sifferman Gianna Pietrangeli Siwar Trabelsi Kevin Rodrigue Ferrill Dalton Angela Flowers Sarkis Kakadjian Katrina Schultz Phillip Vincent Company Aramco Baker Hughes CNPC USA Corp. Consultant Flotek Chemicals Halliburton Keance TETRA Performing tests for the round robin stage TG # 6

WG-11 Emulsion Technology Current Status: Round Robin Testing – Phase 2 Purpose: Find a new vessel and agitation for the emulsion tendency new procedure. Participating labs (7) – TETRA Technologies, Keane, Halliburton, Baker Hughes, Aramco, CNPC, and Flotek Industries. Crude oils, 12. 0 ppg Ca. Br 2 brine, and 2% KCl brine, each from single sources with no additives, distributed to participants. TG # 6

WG-11 Emulsion Technology Current Status, cont. : Interface Classification will be include I the requirements: Neat Slight Frogs Eggs Heavy Frogs Eggs Rag Layer Pad Layer Bag TG # 6

WG-11 Emulsion Technology Results: Crude oil re-evaluation – Source: West Africa by Total: Date 2014 Dec 2017 API @ 60 °F wt% Asphaltene 22. 5 2. 8 22. 5 2. 3 wt% Paraffin 1. 3 Brine Characterization: Brine Density @25°C RI @25°C Surface Tension, m. N/m 12. 0 ppg Ca. Br 2 1. 43735 1. 42008 81. 24 ± 0. 05 @22°C 2% KCl 1. 00940 1. 33502 73. 55 ± 0. 39 @19°C TG # 6

WG-11 Emulsion Technology Results: TG # 6

WG-11 Emulsion Technology Current Status, cont. : Second Round Robin: Follow new recommendations Procedures: q Participant company method q New test procedure Brine: q 2% KCl q 12. 0 ppg Ca. Br 2 brine Crude oils: q Original from TOTAL q Asphaltenic crude oil – Looking for samples TG # 6

WG-11 Emulsion Technology Current Status, cont. : Action items: Flotek: q Shear rate and mixing time influence q Crude oil sample Baker Hughes, Keane, and Halliburton: q New glass vessel for sample testing with flat bottom and lid q Lids safety – acid application Tetra: q New equipment q New brine samples TG # 6

WG-11 Emulsion Technology Current Status, cont. : Meetings: Last meeting: 01/10/2018 at Flotek Industries Upcoming meeting: March 7 th, 2018 at Flotek Industries TG # 6

Old Business ? TG # 6

New Business IOGP Project Initiation Proposal ISO 13503 -7 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Completion fluids and materials – Part 7: Testing of Formate brines ISO/TC 67/SC 3/WG 3 considers the content of API RP 13 J: 2014 (5 th ed. ) as not correctly covering formate brines due to its significant different nature compared to halide brines Proposal to issue a supplemental standard on formate brines (13503 -7) and future revision of ISO 13503 -3 to state that it will only be considered valid for halide brines and refer to ISO 13503 -7 formate brines Determine if/how we want to manage this within API TG # 6

New Business API RP 13 J up for 5 -year review next year – establish work group to look at document Brainstorming TG # 6

Next Scheduled Meeting June 12 -13, 2018 Denver, CO TG # 6

Action Items WG-7 Displacements – meet week of Feb. 6 and develop go forward plan, assign action items and due dates WG-10 CRA Testing Program JIP - finalize spending of remaining funds on additional testing to close gaps, issue TR on formate brines WG-11 – proceed with second round robin testing TG # 6

Motion to Adjourn Maker: Second: Result: Time of adjournment: TG # 6