APD Introduction Victor Rykalin Content APD Electronics Power

APD, Introduction Victor Rykalin

Content • • • APD Electronics Power supply Box Final table Recommendations 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 2

APD and PMT advantages disadvantages • Compact • Insensitive to magnetic field • Higher QE over wider spectral range • faster, shorter transit time • cheaper • simpler gain calibration 12/19/2021 • Smaller sensitive area • still noisier than PMT • need smart preamplifier • larger temperature dependence • optical coupling nontrivial !!! Victor Rykalin 3

APD (Classics) 100 um . 5 MRS, Si PM 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 4

Vendors 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 5

General • Gain 1. 1 • QE 12% - • • 85 % (500 nm) Gain Temperature Coefficient (-15°to +40°) Bulk current TC ( ------ ) Noise SQRT(I bulk) • • • - 10 E(6) -1. 5%/°C 9. 6 %/C Signal/Noise S/N= {(N 2 sig * G 2 )/(Noise)2} (Noise=Noise(T, C, G, time, F) Noise 2=Noise 2(electronics)+Noise(bulk)2 MIP, QE=80%, Nsig= 40 PE, G=150, =100 ns, T=25 C Ib = 1 n. A Noise(electronics)=2000 e rms, S/N(150) ~ 2. 7 est. S/N(150) ~ 1. 5 real 12/19/2021 • Victor Rykalin 6

HAMAMATSU • Gain 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 7

Hamamatsu ~500 80 % 500 nm 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 8

RMD 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 9

RMD 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 10

MRS or Si PM (there is no commercial information) • Gain 106 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 11

MRS or Si PMT and VLPC 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 12

Electronics • CMS(HCAL) = 0. 4 m. V/fq • 60 channels, 150 ns (base), ENC(20 p. F)~1000 e rms 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 13

Electronics • QP 02 k = 7 m. V/fq • 32 channels, 40 ns (base), ENC(20 p. F)=2000 rms 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 14

Circuit suggestions for APD 1 Preamp. - HV Ground 2 +HV Preamp. 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 15

Power supplies • Ripple (5 m. V and less) • d. Ik=d. U/R d. Ik=5 m. V/5 k d. Ik=1 u. A d. Ib(signal)=50*0. 8*500*q/10 ns=>d. Ik(signal)= =320 n. A*B=32 u. A, 1/32*100 = 3% • J 4 -2 p, J 4 -2 n ------ HV, S 7001 low voltage seems to be an appropriate approach. 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 16

HV power supply t. J 4 -2 P and J 4 -2 N from Matsusada Precision Inc. t 2 P – positive 2000 V, 2 N – negative 2 k. V. Ripple of 2 m. V. 2 m. A output current. t. Voltage regulated by multiturn built-in potentiometer or remotely. t. Recommended for APD. t. Non-standard size. 12/19/2021 Current price as 17 of 3/26/2003 is t Victor Rykalin

Low voltage power supply t. S 7 -001 Herbach&Radem an power supply (www. herbach. co m) t 0 - ± 30 V (positive and negative simultaneously, 0. 5 m. V ripple RMS. Current limit 5 A. t. Regulated. Dual Panel meters. t. Current price is $238. 95 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 18

Box t. Low-cost – about $35 per each element or less t. Allows good temperature control, as precise as 0. 1 degree at around 20 o. C, t. Performance and precision somewhat degrade at negative temperatures because the element will require a large current ( 5 A) in that range, which is not easy to control. #13 t. This is an “artistic” representation of the box that will have APD inside and the box with pre-amplifier (which is not being cooled as of current scheme but the ability to do this has been integrated into this particular design). 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 19

Final table * B. Dolgoshein An Advanced Study of Silicon PM ICFA IB **A. Bross et all. Fermilab FN 0733 2003 *** Rykalin V. NICADD presentation http: //nicadd. niu. edu 12/19/2021 2002 Victor Rykalin 2002 20

Recommendations • • • HAMAMATSU QP 02 S/N ~ 3 RMD QP 02 S/N ~ 10 MRS or Si PM CMS(HCAL)S/N ~ 6 J 4 -2 P, 2 N High voltage, S 7 -001 low voltage Box with Peltier pads cooling Circuit 2 is our choice 12/19/2021 Victor Rykalin 21